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==Antimicrobial regimen==
==Antimicrobial regimen==
:* 1. '''Gastroenteritis'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
:* 1. '''Gastroenteritis'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
::* Preferred regimen: [[Gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg IV q24h
::* Most patients donot require antibiotics and symptoms last < 1 week
::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Ampicillin]] 100 mg/kg IV  q6h
::* 1.1 '''Indications for the treatment'''
::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Imipenem]] 500 mg IV q6h
:::* Highfevers
:::* Bloodystools
:::* Prolonged illness > 1 week
:::* Pregnancy
:::* HIV and other immunosuppressed states
::* 1.2 '''Treatment regimen''' <ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
:::* Preferred regimen (1):[[Erythromycin|Erythromycin stearate]] 500 mg PO bid for 5 days
:::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Ciprofloxacin]] 500 mg PO bid for 3–5 days
:::* Alternative regimen (1): [[TMP-SMX]] DS PO bid for 3–5 days
:::* Note (1): Campylobacter resistance to TMP-SMX common in tropics
:::* Note (2): Extraintestinal infections should be treated for longer duration (e.g.,2-4 weeks)


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 18:05, 28 July 2015

Campylobacter jejuni
Scanning electron micrograph of C. jejuni demonstrating the chracteristic curved rod shape of the organism.
Scanning electron micrograph of C. jejuni demonstrating the chracteristic curved rod shape of the organism.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Epsilon Proteobacteria
Order: Campylobacterales
Family: Campylobacteraceae
Genus: Campylobacter
Species: C. jejuni
Binomial name
Campylobacter jejuni
(Jones et al. 1931)
Veron & Chatelain 1973


Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved,long rod-shaped, Gram-negative microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces.[1] It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which usually develops two to three weeks after the initial illness.

C. jejuni is commonly associated with poultry and naturally colonises the GI tract of many bird species. It has also been isolated from wombat and kangaroo feces, being a cause of bushwalkers' diarrhea. Contaminated drinking water and unpasteurized milk provide an efficient means for distribution. Contaminated food is a major source of isolated infections, with incorrectly prepared meat and raw poultry normally the source of the bacteria.

Infection with C. jejuni usually results in enteritis, which is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and malaise. The symptoms usually persist for between 24 hours and a week, but may be longer. Diarrhea can vary in severity from loose stools to bloody stools. No antibiotics are usually given as the disease is self-limiting, however, severe or prolonged cases may require ciprofloxacin, erythromycin or norfloxacin. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be required for serious cases.

Laboratory characteristics

Characteristic Result
Growth at 25 °C -
Growth at 35-37 °C -
Growth at 42 °C +
Nitrate reduction +
Catalase test +
Oxidase test +
Growth on MacConkey agar +
Motility (wet mount) +
Glucose utilization -
Hippurate hydrolysis +
Resistance to naladixic acid -
Resistance to cephalothin +

Campylobacter is grown on specially selective "CAMP" agar plates at 42 °C, the normal avian body temperature, rather than at 37 °C, the temperature at which most other pathogenic bacteria are grown. Since the colonies are oxidase positive, they will usually only grow in scanty amounts on the plates. Microaerophilic conditions are required for luxurious growth. The selective medium known as Skirrow's medium is used. Skirrow's medium is blood agar infused with a cocktail of antibiotics: vancomycin, polymixin-B and trimethoprim under microaerophilic conditions at 42 degrees.

Gallery

Antimicrobial regimen

  • 1. Gastroenteritis[3]
  • Most patients donot require antibiotics and symptoms last < 1 week
  • 1.1 Indications for the treatment
  • Highfevers
  • Bloodystools
  • Prolonged illness > 1 week
  • Pregnancy
  • HIV and other immunosuppressed states
  • 1.2 Treatment regimen [4]
  • Preferred regimen (1):Erythromycin stearate 500 mg PO bid for 5 days
  • Preferred regimen (2): Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO bid for 3–5 days
  • Alternative regimen (1): TMP-SMX DS PO bid for 3–5 days
  • Note (1): Campylobacter resistance to TMP-SMX common in tropics
  • Note (2): Extraintestinal infections should be treated for longer duration (e.g.,2-4 weeks)

See also


References

  1. ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".
  3. ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
  4. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.

Images

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