Burping: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name        = Eructation |
  ICD10      = {{ICD10|R|14||r|10}} |
  ICD9        = {{ICD9|787.3}} |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{SK}} belching, ructus, eructation
{{SK}} Belching; ructus; eructation
==Overview==
==Overview==
Burping is the release of [[gas]] from the digestive tract (mainly [[esophagus]] and [[stomach]]) through the [[mouth]]. It is often accompanied with a typical sound and sometimes an [[odor]].
Burping is the release of [[gas]] from the digestive tract (mainly [[esophagus]] and [[stomach]]) through the [[mouth]]. It is often accompanied with a typical sound and sometimes an [[odor]].
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*[[Aerophagia]] ([[swallowing air from eating or drinking too fast]])
*[[Aerophagia]] ([[swallowing air from eating or drinking too fast]])
*Carbonated drinks
*Carbonated drinks
*Drugs:
**[[Niacin]]
**[[Oxaprozin]]
**[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
*[[Pergolide]]


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Symptoms===
===History and Symptoms===
The sound of burping is caused by the [[oscillation|vibration]] of the [[cardia]] ([[esophageal]] [[sphincter]]) as the gas passes through it. The current Guinness world record for the loudest burp is 118.1 [[Decibel|dB]], set by Paul Hunn from London, England in 2000.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/netnotes/article/0,6729,560034,00.html Guinness World Records] - Guardian (UK)</ref> (This would be noticeably louder than a chainsaw at a distance of 1 meter.)
The sound of burping is caused by the [[oscillation|vibration]] of the [[cardia]] ([[esophageal]] [[sphincter]]) as the gas passes through it. The current Guinness world record for the loudest burp is 118.1 [[Decibel|dB]], set by Paul Hunn from London, England in 2000.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/netnotes/article/0,6729,560034,00.html Guinness World Records] - Guardian (UK)</ref> (This would be noticeably louder than a chainsaw at a distance of 1 meter.)


==Social context and etiquette==
==Treatment==
[[Bismuth subsalicylate]] may help.<ref name="pmid2257958">{{cite journal| author=Berkowitz JM| title=The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving gastro-intestinal discomfort following excessive alcohol and food intake. | journal=J Int Med Res | year= 1990 | volume= 18 | issue= 5 | pages= 351-7 | pmid=2257958 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2257958  }} </ref>
 
 
[[Cisapride]], a [[serotonin 5-HT4]] receptor agonist  that has been voluntarily removed form markets due to [[QT interval prolongation]], may help.<ref name="pmid9576446">{{cite journal| author=Castell DO, Sigmund C, Patterson D, Lambert R, Hasner D, Clyde C et al.| title=Cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. provides symptomatic relief of heartburn and related symptoms of chronic mild to moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease. CIS-USA-52 Investigator Group. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1998 | volume= 93 | issue= 4 | pages= 547-52 | pmid=9576446 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.163_b.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9576446  }} </ref>
 
[[Proton pump inhibitor]]s do not help.<ref name="pmid17174612">{{cite journal| author=Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Xia HH, Wong WM, Liu XG et al.| title=Effects of proton-pump inhibitors on functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2007 | volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 178-85; quiz 140 | pmid=17174612 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17174612  }} </ref>
 
==Social Context and Etiquette==


In the Western world, audible burping is considered impolite, although generally not as much as [[flatulence]]. Some people will cover the mouth with their hand in the same fashion as one used to guise a [[yawn]]. However, burping is viewed as acceptable and humorous among young children and some young adults.  Sometimes, children engage in burping activities such as contests to determine who can produce the loudest burp, the longest burp, the most guttural burp, the burping of words, songs, or even the alphabet.
In the Western world, audible burping is considered impolite, although generally not as much as [[flatulence]]. Some people will cover the mouth with their hand in the same fashion as one used to guise a [[yawn]]. However, burping is viewed as acceptable and humorous among young children and some young adults.  Sometimes, children engage in burping activities such as contests to determine who can produce the loudest burp, the longest burp, the most guttural burp, the burping of words, songs, or even the alphabet.


Some cultures (for example, Bengalis)<ref>[http://milonee.net/bengali_recipes/intro.html "An Introduction to Bengali Cooking"] by Sutapa Ray, ''Milonee'' (website), 2001.</ref> do not consider burping rude, and may even consider it a sign of appreciation to audibly burp after a meal. This is not true for some other cultures such as in Japan,China and most Asian cultures. One study<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/041026/139/2hica.html Too much of Swallowed air is not the culprit behind excessive burping!] - Yahoo! News (India)</ref> has found that in some cultures excessive burping after meals is a commonly learned social behavior.
Some cultures (for example, Bengalis)<ref>[http://milonee.net/bengali_recipes/intro.html "An Introduction to Bengali Cooking"] by Sutapa Ray, ''Milonee'' (website), 2001.</ref> do not consider burping rude, and may even consider it a sign of appreciation to audibly burp after a meal. This is not true for some other cultures such as in Japan, China and most Asian cultures. One study<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/041026/139/2hica.html Too much of Swallowed air is not the culprit behind excessive burping!] - Yahoo! News (India)</ref> has found that in some cultures excessive burping after meals is a commonly learned social behavior.


==Infant burping==
==Infant Burping==


[[Infant|Babies]] are particularly subject to accumulation of gas in the stomach whilst feeding, and this can cause considerable agitation to the child unless it is ''burped''. The act of burping an infant involves placing the child in a position conducive to gas expulsion (for example holding the infant up to the adult's shoulder, with the infant's stomach resting on the adult's chest) and then lightly patting  it on the lower back so that he or she burps.  
[[Infant|Babies]] are particularly subject to accumulation of gas in the stomach whilst feeding, and this can cause considerable agitation to the child unless he/she is burped. The act of burping an infant involves placing the child in a position conducive to gas expulsion (for example holding the infant up to the adult's shoulder, with the infant's stomach resting on the adult's chest) and then lightly patting  it on the lower back so that he or she burps.  


Because burping can cause [[vomiting]] in infants, the ''burp cloth'' or ''burp pad'' is sometimes employed on the shoulder to protect the adult's clothing.
Because burping can cause [[vomiting]] in infants, the burp cloth or burp pad is sometimes employed on the shoulder to protect the adult's clothing.


=="Burped" speech==
==Burped Speech==


It is possible to voluntarily induce burping by swallowing air and then expelling it, and by manipulation of the [[vocal tract]] produce farted speech.
It is possible to voluntarily induce burping by swallowing air and then expelling it, and by manipulation of the [[vocal tract]] produce farted speech.


While this is often employed by children as a means of entertainment or competition, it can also act as an alternative means of vocalisation for people who have undergone a [[laryngectomy]], with the burp replacing laryngeal [[phonation]]. This is known as [[esophageal speech]].
While this is often employed by children as a means of entertainment or competition, it can also act as an alternative means of vocalization for people who have undergone a [[laryngectomy]], with the burp replacing laryngeal [[phonation]]. This is known as [[esophageal speech]].


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Digestive system]]
[[Category:Digestive system]]
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[[Category:Symptoms]]
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[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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Latest revision as of 20:45, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Belching; ructus; eructation

Overview

Burping is the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. It is often accompanied with a typical sound and sometimes an odor.

Pathophysiology

Burping is typically caused by eating or drinking too fast, and thereby swallowing (aerophagia) and subsequently expelling air, in which the expelled gas is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Burps can also be caused by imbibing carbonated drinks such as beer, soft drinks, or champagne, in which case the expelled gas is carbon dioxide from the drink itself. However, symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, and heartburn may be relieved by belching.

Causes

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

The sound of burping is caused by the vibration of the cardia (esophageal sphincter) as the gas passes through it. The current Guinness world record for the loudest burp is 118.1 dB, set by Paul Hunn from London, England in 2000.[1] (This would be noticeably louder than a chainsaw at a distance of 1 meter.)

Treatment

Bismuth subsalicylate may help.[2]


Cisapride, a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist that has been voluntarily removed form markets due to QT interval prolongation, may help.[3]

Proton pump inhibitors do not help.[4]

Social Context and Etiquette

In the Western world, audible burping is considered impolite, although generally not as much as flatulence. Some people will cover the mouth with their hand in the same fashion as one used to guise a yawn. However, burping is viewed as acceptable and humorous among young children and some young adults. Sometimes, children engage in burping activities such as contests to determine who can produce the loudest burp, the longest burp, the most guttural burp, the burping of words, songs, or even the alphabet.

Some cultures (for example, Bengalis)[5] do not consider burping rude, and may even consider it a sign of appreciation to audibly burp after a meal. This is not true for some other cultures such as in Japan, China and most Asian cultures. One study[6] has found that in some cultures excessive burping after meals is a commonly learned social behavior.

Infant Burping

Babies are particularly subject to accumulation of gas in the stomach whilst feeding, and this can cause considerable agitation to the child unless he/she is burped. The act of burping an infant involves placing the child in a position conducive to gas expulsion (for example holding the infant up to the adult's shoulder, with the infant's stomach resting on the adult's chest) and then lightly patting it on the lower back so that he or she burps.

Because burping can cause vomiting in infants, the burp cloth or burp pad is sometimes employed on the shoulder to protect the adult's clothing.

Burped Speech

It is possible to voluntarily induce burping by swallowing air and then expelling it, and by manipulation of the vocal tract produce farted speech.

While this is often employed by children as a means of entertainment or competition, it can also act as an alternative means of vocalization for people who have undergone a laryngectomy, with the burp replacing laryngeal phonation. This is known as esophageal speech.

References

  1. Guinness World Records - Guardian (UK)
  2. Berkowitz JM (1990). "The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving gastro-intestinal discomfort following excessive alcohol and food intake". J Int Med Res. 18 (5): 351–7. PMID 2257958.
  3. Castell DO, Sigmund C, Patterson D, Lambert R, Hasner D, Clyde C; et al. (1998). "Cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. provides symptomatic relief of heartburn and related symptoms of chronic mild to moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease. CIS-USA-52 Investigator Group". Am J Gastroenterol. 93 (4): 547–52. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.163_b.x. PMID 9576446.
  4. Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Xia HH, Wong WM, Liu XG; et al. (2007). "Effects of proton-pump inhibitors on functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 5 (2): 178–85, quiz 140. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.012. PMID 17174612.
  5. "An Introduction to Bengali Cooking" by Sutapa Ray, Milonee (website), 2001.
  6. Too much of Swallowed air is not the culprit behind excessive burping! - Yahoo! News (India)

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da:Bøvs de:Rülpsen gd:Brùchd it:Eruttazione he:גיהוק lt:Raugulys nl:Boer (geluid) no:Rap (fysiologi) fi:Röyhtäily sv:Rapning


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