Blepharitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Earlier in the course of blepharitis, patients may be asymptomatic and present with findings of eyelid margin telangiectasia and meibomian gland orifice narrowing.<ref>Hykin, P. G., and A. J. Bron. "Age-related morphological changes in lid margin and meibomian gland anatomy." Cornea 11.4 (1992): 334-342.</ref> As the disease progresses, the patient begins to notice a [[foreign body]] sensation, eyelid crusting, matting of the lashes, [[tearing]], and burning. [[Symptoms]] are typically worse in the mornings. Blepharitis can frequently be improved but are rarely eliminated. If left untreated, severe blepharitis may cause alterations in the eyelid margin, loss of eyelashes, [[scarring]] of the [[eyelid]]s, [[conjunctivitis]], corneal involvement ([[corneal neovascularization]] and corneal ulceration), superficial [[keratopathy]], and ultimately [[blindness]].<ref name="pmid21276617">{{cite journal| author=Nemet AY, Vinker S, Kaiserman I| title=Associated morbidity of blepharitis. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 2011 | volume= 118 | issue= 6 | pages= 1062-8 | pmid=21276617 | doi=10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.015 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21276617 }} </ref><ref name=Blepharitis> American Academy of Ophthalmology/ eyewiki (2014) http://eyewiki.aao.org/EyeWiki%3AGeneral_disclaimer| Accessed on July 14, 2016 </ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 8 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Blepharitis is usually asymptomatic until the disease progresses. As it progresses, the patient begins to notice a foreign body sensation, eyelid crusting, itching and irritation of the eyelids. Blepharitis can frequently be improved but are rarely eliminated. If left untreated, severe blepharitis may cause alterations in the eyelid margin, loss of eyelashes, scarring of the eyelids, conjunctivitis, corneal involvement, superficial keratopathy, and ultimately blindness. Common complications of blepharitis include loss of eyelashes, hordeolum or stye, chalazion, corneal ulcer, and conjunctivitis. Blepharitis is associated with a favorable long-term prognosis. Severe blepharitis is rarely associated with permanent alterations in the eyelid margin or vision loss from superficial keratopathy. Therefore, severe blepharitis is associated with a poor prognosis.[1][2][3]
Natural History
Earlier in the course of blepharitis, patients may be asymptomatic and present with findings of eyelid margin telangiectasia and meibomian gland orifice narrowing.[4] As the disease progresses, the patient begins to notice a foreign body sensation, eyelid crusting, matting of the lashes, tearing, and burning. Symptoms are typically worse in the mornings. Blepharitis can frequently be improved but are rarely eliminated. If left untreated, severe blepharitis may cause alterations in the eyelid margin, loss of eyelashes, scarring of the eyelids, conjunctivitis, corneal involvement (corneal neovascularization and corneal ulceration), superficial keratopathy, and ultimately blindness.[1][5]
Complications
Complications to blepharitis include:[2][5][6]
- Hordeolum
- Chalazia
- Corneal ulcer
- Conjunctivitis
- Loss of eyelashes
- Scarring of the eyelids
Prognosis
In general, blepharitis is associated with a favorable long-term prognosis. Severe blepharitis is rarely associated with permanent alterations in the eyelid margin or vision loss from superficial keratopathy. However, severe blepharitis cases with these complications are generally associated with a poor prognosis.[3][7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nemet AY, Vinker S, Kaiserman I (2011). "Associated morbidity of blepharitis". Ophthalmology. 118 (6): 1062–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.015. PMID 21276617.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dougherty JM, McCulley JP (1984). "Comparative bacteriology of chronic blepharitis". Br J Ophthalmol. 68 (8): 524–8. PMC 1040405. PMID 6743618.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK (2012). "Interventions for chronic blepharitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (5): CD005556. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005556.pub2. PMC 4270370. PMID 22592706.
- ↑ Hykin, P. G., and A. J. Bron. "Age-related morphological changes in lid margin and meibomian gland anatomy." Cornea 11.4 (1992): 334-342.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 American Academy of Ophthalmology/ eyewiki (2014) http://eyewiki.aao.org/EyeWiki%3AGeneral_disclaimer%7C Accessed on July 14, 2016
- ↑ Sharma S (1998). "Ophthaproblem. Chalazion". Can Fam Physician. 44: 1249, 1254, 1257. PMC 2278269. PMID 9640516.
- ↑ Raskin EM, Speaker MG, Laibson PR (1992). "Blepharitis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 6 (4): 777–87. PMID 1460262.