Blepharitis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Blepharitis is usually asymptomatic until the disease progresses. As it progresses, the patient begins to notice a foreign body sensation, eyelid crusting, itching and irritation of the eyelids. If left untreated, severe blepharitis may cause alterations in the eyelid margin, loss of eyelashes, scarring of the eyelids, conjunctivitis, corneal involvement, superficial keratopathy, and ultimately blindness. Common complications of blepharitis include loss of eyelashes, hordeolum or stye, chalazion, corneal ulcer, and conjunctivitis. Blepharitis is generally associated with a favorable long-term prognosis.
Natural History
Earlier in the course of blepharitis, patients may be asymptomatic and present with findings of eyelid margin telangiectasia and meibomian gland orifice narrowing.[1] As the disease progresses, patients usually develop symptoms of foreign body sensation, eyelid crusting, matting of the lashes, tearing, and burning. If left untreated, blepharitis may lead to alterations in the eyelid margin, loss of eyelashes, scarring of the eyelids, corneal involvement (corneal neovascularization and scarring), superficial keratopathy, and eventually blindness.[2][3]
Complications
Complications to blepharitis include:[4][5][6]
Prognosis
In general, blepharitis is associated with a favorable long-term prognosis. Severe blepharitis is rarely associated with permanent alterations in the eyelid margin or vision loss from superficial keratopathy. However, severe blepharitis cases with these complications are generally associated with a poor prognosis.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Hykin, P. G., and A. J. Bron. "Age-related morphological changes in lid margin and meibomian gland anatomy." Cornea 11.4 (1992): 334-342.
- ↑ Nemet AY, Vinker S, Kaiserman I (2011). "Associated morbidity of blepharitis". Ophthalmology. 118 (6): 1062–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.015. PMID 21276617.
- ↑ Ficker L, Ramakrishnan M, Seal D, Wright P. Role of cell-mediated immunity to staphylococci in blepharitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:473-9.
- ↑ Dougherty JM, McCulley JP (1984). "Comparative bacteriology of chronic blepharitis". Br J Ophthalmol. 68 (8): 524–8. PMC 1040405. PMID 6743618.
- ↑ PubMed Health (2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0023008/ Accessed on July, 13 2016
- ↑ Sharma S (1998). "Ophthaproblem. Chalazion". Can Fam Physician. 44: 1249, 1254, 1257. PMC 2278269. PMID 9640516.
- ↑ Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK (2012). "Interventions for chronic blepharitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (5): CD005556. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005556.pub2. PMC 4270370. PMID 22592706.
- ↑ Raskin EM, Speaker MG, Laibson PR (1992). "Blepharitis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 6 (4): 777–87. PMID 1460262.