Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder other imaging findings: Difference between revisions
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*Delays in the physical development of some brain structures have been observed in ADHD patients beginning in elementary school and through young adulthood, during the period when cortical thickening during childhood begins to change to thinning following [[puberty]]. The median value of the delay was three years. | *Delays in the physical development of some brain structures have been observed in ADHD patients beginning in elementary school and through young adulthood, during the period when cortical thickening during childhood begins to change to thinning following [[puberty]]. The median value of the delay was three years. | ||
*The delay was most prominent in the [[frontal cortex]] and [[temporal cortex]], which are believed responsible for the ability to control and focus thinking, suppress inappropriate actions and thoughts, remember things from moment to moment, and work for reward. These are all functions whose disturbance is associated with a diagnosis of ADHD. | *The delay was most prominent in the [[frontal cortex]] and [[temporal cortex]], which are believed responsible for the ability to control and focus thinking, suppress inappropriate actions and thoughts, remember things from moment to moment, and work for reward. These are all functions whose disturbance is associated with a diagnosis of ADHD. | ||
*The region with the greatest average delay, the middle of the prefrontal cortex, lagged a full five years in development in ADHD patients. In contrast, the [[motor cortex]] in the ADHD patients was seen to mature faster than normal, suggesting that both slower development of behavioral control and advanced motor development might be required for the restlessness and fidgetiness that | *The region with the greatest average delay, the middle of the prefrontal cortex, lagged a full five years in development in ADHD patients. In contrast, the [[motor cortex]] in the ADHD patients was seen to mature faster than normal, suggesting that both slower development of behavioral control and advanced motor development might be required for the restlessness and fidgetiness that characterize an ADHD diagnosis. | ||
*There appeared to be no significant difference in back-to-front development of brain maturation in ADHD patients as compared to healthy adolescents. This contrasts with the pattern of development seen in other disorders such as [[autism]], where the peak of cortical thickening occurs much earlier than normal.<ref>[http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2007/brain-matures-a-few-years-late-in-adhd-but-follows-normal-pattern.shtml Brain Matures a Few Years Late in ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern] NIMH Press Release, November 12, 2007 </ref> | *There appeared to be no significant difference in back-to-front development of brain maturation in ADHD patients as compared to healthy adolescents. This contrasts with the pattern of development seen in other disorders such as [[autism]], where the peak of cortical thickening occurs much earlier than normal.<ref>[http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2007/brain-matures-a-few-years-late-in-adhd-but-follows-normal-pattern.shtml Brain Matures a Few Years Late in ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern] NIMH Press Release, November 12, 2007 </ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:43, 11 August 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Microchapters |
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Overview
Though the brains of ADHD patients follow a normal pattern of development, imaging findings indicative of ADHD may include delayed physical development of the brain. This may help explain why some adolescent ADHD patients do not experience symptoms into adulthood.
Key Findings in ADHD
- Delays in the physical development of some brain structures have been observed in ADHD patients beginning in elementary school and through young adulthood, during the period when cortical thickening during childhood begins to change to thinning following puberty. The median value of the delay was three years.
- The delay was most prominent in the frontal cortex and temporal cortex, which are believed responsible for the ability to control and focus thinking, suppress inappropriate actions and thoughts, remember things from moment to moment, and work for reward. These are all functions whose disturbance is associated with a diagnosis of ADHD.
- The region with the greatest average delay, the middle of the prefrontal cortex, lagged a full five years in development in ADHD patients. In contrast, the motor cortex in the ADHD patients was seen to mature faster than normal, suggesting that both slower development of behavioral control and advanced motor development might be required for the restlessness and fidgetiness that characterize an ADHD diagnosis.
- There appeared to be no significant difference in back-to-front development of brain maturation in ADHD patients as compared to healthy adolescents. This contrasts with the pattern of development seen in other disorders such as autism, where the peak of cortical thickening occurs much earlier than normal.[1]
References
- ↑ Brain Matures a Few Years Late in ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern NIMH Press Release, November 12, 2007