Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
If left untreated, ADHD may cause negative social consequences, such as isolation from and difficulty communicating with friends and loved ones. ADHD patients are unlikely to experience any physical problems as a direct result of ADHD.<ref name="#7">Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192</ref> | |||
Symptoms of ADHD can appear as early as between the ages of 3 and 6 and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.<ref name="#1">National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."</ref> The average age of onset of ADHD is 7 years.<ref name="#12">Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6):617-27.</ref> | Symptoms of ADHD can appear as early as between the ages of 3 and 6 and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.<ref name="#1">National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."</ref> The average age of onset of ADHD is 7 years.<ref name="#12">Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6):617-27.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 20:23, 9 August 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
If left untreated, ADHD may cause negative social consequences, such as isolation from and difficulty communicating with friends and loved ones. ADHD patients are unlikely to experience any physical problems as a direct result of ADHD.[1]
Natural History
If left untreated, ADHD may cause negative social consequences, such as isolation from and difficulty communicating with friends and loved ones. ADHD patients are unlikely to experience any physical problems as a direct result of ADHD.[1]
Symptoms of ADHD can appear as early as between the ages of 3 and 6 and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.[2] The average age of onset of ADHD is 7 years.[3]
Without treatment, the patient will likely continue exhibiting symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, which can bear negative academic, professional, and social consequences. Adolescents with untreated ADHD have a higher incidence of drug use and law-breaking than healthy children.[1]
Complications
Children with untreated ADHD may suffer poor grades, while working adults may face poor progress reports or possible termination.[1]
Prognosis
Approximately 70% of patients who are diagnosed with ADHD as children continue to experience severe symptoms throughout adolescence and sometimes into adulthood.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
- ↑ Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6):617-27.