Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM-V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type.[1]
Classification
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM-V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type. Distinctions are made according to the following criteria:[1]
- ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months
- ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention (but <6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity) have persisted for ≥6 months
- ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months
For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria page.
The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the DSM in 2013. Consequently, ADHD is the current term used to describe the disorder as one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as being a primary deficit resulting in hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type), inattention (ADHD predominately inattentive type), or both (ADHD combined type).
Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors
- ADHD is a developmental disorder, in that, in the diagnosed population, certain traits such as impulse control significantly lag in development when compared to the general population. Using magnetic resonance imaging, this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 years, to 5 years in the prefrontal cortex of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers[2]; consequently these delayed attributes are considered an impairment.
- ADHD has also been classified as a behavior disorder
- ADHD has also been classified as a neurological disorder [3] or combinations of these classifications such as neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders.
- In the tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders". When a conduct disorder (as defined by ICD-10[4]) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder". Otherwise the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention", "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders" or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified". The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome".[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern
- ↑ LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 ICD Version 2006: F91. World Health Organization. Retrieved on December 11, 2006.