Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder classification: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{CP}}, {{HW}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CP}}, {{HW}} | ||
{{ADHD}} | {{ADHD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM | ADHD may be classified according to the [[DSM]] V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly [[hyperactive]]-impulsive type, and combined type.<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM | ADHD may be classified according to the [[DSM]] V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly [[hyperactive]]-impulsive type, and combined type. Distinctions are made according to the following criteria:<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | ||
# ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months | # ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months | ||
# | # ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention (but <6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity) have been present for ≥6 months | ||
# ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months | # ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months | ||
For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of [[hyperactivity]]/[[impulsivity]] and [[inattention]] used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the [[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria]] page. | For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of [[hyperactivity]]/[[impulsivity]] and [[inattention]] used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the [[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria]] page. | ||
The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the [[DSM]] in 2013. | The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the [[DSM]] in 2013. ADHD is the term currently used to describe one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as [[hyperactivity]]/[[impulsivity]] (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type), [[inattention]] (ADHD predominately inattentive type), or both (ADHD combined type). | ||
===Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors=== | ===Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors=== | ||
* ADHD is a [[developmental disorder]] insofar as patients experience a developmental lag in certain traits, such as [[impulse control]]. Using [[magnetic resonance imaging]], this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 and 5 years in the [[prefrontal cortex]] of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers;<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071112172200.htm Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> consequently, these delayed attributes are considered an [[impairment]]. | * ADHD is a [[developmental disorder]] insofar as patients experience a developmental lag in certain traits, such as [[impulse control]]. Using [[magnetic resonance imaging]], this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 and 5 years in the [[prefrontal cortex]] of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers;<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071112172200.htm Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> consequently, these delayed attributes are considered an [[impairment]]. | ||
* ADHD has also been classified as a [[conduct disorder|behavior disorder]]. | * ADHD has also been classified as a [[conduct disorder|behavior disorder]]. | ||
* ADHD has also been classified as a [[neurological disorder]] or a combination of | * ADHD has also been classified as a [[neurological disorder]] or a combination of classifications such as a neurobehavioral or [[Neurodevelopmental Disorders|neurodevelopmental disorder]].<ref>[http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Projects/ADHD.shtml#CurrentResearch LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | ||
*In the tenth edition of the ''[[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]]'' (ICD-10) the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders" | *In the tenth edition of the ''[[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]]'' (ICD-10), the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders." When a [[conduct disorder]] (as defined by ICD-10<ref name=ICD10> [http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ ICD Version 2006: F91.] [[World Health Organization]]. Retrieved on [[December 11]], [[2006]].</ref>) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder." Otherwise, the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention," "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders," or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified." The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome."<ref name=ICD10/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:45, 10 November 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Microchapters |
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Overview
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type.[1]
Classification
ADHD may be classified according to the DSM V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type. Distinctions are made according to the following criteria:[1]
- ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months
- ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention (but <6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity) have been present for ≥6 months
- ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months
For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria page.
The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the DSM in 2013. ADHD is the term currently used to describe one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type), inattention (ADHD predominately inattentive type), or both (ADHD combined type).
Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors
- ADHD is a developmental disorder insofar as patients experience a developmental lag in certain traits, such as impulse control. Using magnetic resonance imaging, this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 and 5 years in the prefrontal cortex of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers;[2] consequently, these delayed attributes are considered an impairment.
- ADHD has also been classified as a behavior disorder.
- ADHD has also been classified as a neurological disorder or a combination of classifications such as a neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder.[3]
- In the tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders." When a conduct disorder (as defined by ICD-10[4]) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder." Otherwise, the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention," "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders," or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified." The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome."[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern
- ↑ LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 ICD Version 2006: F91. World Health Organization. Retrieved on December 11, 2006.