Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder classification: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 16:45, 10 November 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.

Overview

ADHD may be classified according to the DSM V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type.^[1]

Classification

ADHD may be classified according to the DSM V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type. Distinctions are made according to the following criteria:^[1]

ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months
ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention (but <6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity) have been present for ≥6 months
ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months

For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria page.

The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the DSM in 2013. ADHD is the term currently used to describe one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type), inattention (ADHD predominately inattentive type), or both (ADHD combined type).

Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors

ADHD is a developmental disorder insofar as patients experience a developmental lag in certain traits, such as impulse control. Using magnetic resonance imaging, this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 and 5 years in the prefrontal cortex of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers;^[2] consequently, these delayed attributes are considered an impairment.
ADHD has also been classified as a behavior disorder.
ADHD has also been classified as a neurological disorder or a combination of classifications such as a neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder.^[3]
In the tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders." When a conduct disorder (as defined by ICD-10^[4]) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder." Otherwise, the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention," "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders," or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified." The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome."^[4]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
↑ Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern
↑ LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ICD Version 2006: F91. World Health Organization. Retrieved on December 11, 2006.

Template:WH Template:WS

[DSMV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.

[2] Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern

[3] LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging

[ICD10-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ICD Version 2006: F91. World Health Organization. Retrieved on December 11, 2006.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{CP}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CP}}, {{HW}}
 {{ADHD}}
 ==Overview==
-ADHD may be classified according to the DSM-V criteria in three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly [[hyperactive]]-[[impulsive]] type, and combined type. ADHD has at times been classified as a [[neurological disorder]] based on [[MRI]] imaging of the pre-frontal cortex, and also as a neurobehavioral disorder associated with [[hyperkinesis]] and [[conduct disorder]].
+ADHD may be classified according to the [[DSM]] V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly [[hyperactive]]-impulsive type, and combined type.<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
 ==Classification==
-===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>===
+ADHD may be classified according to the [[DSM]] V criteria into three subgroups: predominantly inattentive type, predominantly [[hyperactive]]-impulsive type, and combined type. Distinctions are made according to the following criteria:<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
-===Classification Based on DSM V Criteria===
-# ADHD, Combined Type: if both criteria 1A and 1B are met for the past 6 months
-# [[ADHD predominantly inattentive|ADHD Predominantly Inattentive]] Type: if criterion 1A is met but criterion 1B is not met for the past six months
-# ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: if Criterion 1B is met but Criterion 1A is not met for the past six months.<ref name="DSM-V">DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
-The terminology of ADD expired with the revision of the most current version of the DSM.  Consequently, ADHD is the current nomenclature used to describe the disorder as one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as being a primary deficit resulting in hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type) or inattention (ADHD predominately inattentive type) or both (ADHD combined type).
+# ADHD Combined Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have been observed for ≥6 months
-====DSM-IV Criteria for ADHD====
+# ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention (but <6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity) have been present for ≥6 months
-I. Either A or B:
+# ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (but <6 symptoms of inattention) have been present for ≥6 months
-:A. Six or more of the following symptoms of [[inattention]] have been present for at least 6 months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level:
-:# Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.
+For detailed descriptions of the symptoms of [[hyperactivity]]/[[impulsivity]] and [[inattention]] used in the diagnosis of ADHD, refer to the [[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria]] page.
-:# Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities.
-:# Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
-:# Often does not follow instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).
-:# Often has trouble organizing activities.
-:# Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
-:# Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools).
-:# Is often easily distracted.
-:# Often forgetful in daily activities.
-:B. Six or more of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level:
+The terminology of ADD expired with the release of the fifth edition of the [[DSM]] in 2013. ADHD is the term currently used to describe one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as [[hyperactivity]]/[[impulsivity]] (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type), [[inattention]] (ADHD predominately inattentive type), or both (ADHD combined type).
-:# Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
-:# Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected.
-:# Often runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may feel very restless).
-:# Often has trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.
-:# Is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor".
-:# Often talks excessively.
-:#Impulsiveness
-:# Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished.
-:# Often has trouble waiting one's turn.
-:# Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games).
-II. Some symptoms that cause impairment were present before age 12 years.
-III. Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school/work and at home).
-IV. There must be clear evidence of significant impairment in social, school, or work functioning.
-V. The symptoms do not happen only during the course of a [[Pervasive Developmental Disorder]], [[Schizophrenia]], or other [[Psychotic Disorder]]. The symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g. [[Mood Disorder]], [[Anxiety Disorder]], [[Dissociative Disorder]], or a [[Personality Disorder]]).
 ===Classification Based on Neurological and Psychiatric Factors===
-* ADHD is a [[developmental disorder]], in that, in the diagnosed population, certain traits such as impulse control significantly lag in development when compared to the general population. Using magnetic resonance imaging, this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 years, to 5 years in the prefrontal cortex of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071112172200.htm Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>; consequently these delayed attributes are considered an impairment.
+* ADHD is a [[developmental disorder]] insofar as patients experience a developmental lag in certain traits, such as [[impulse control]]. Using [[magnetic resonance imaging]], this developmental lag has been estimated to range between 3 and 5 years in the [[prefrontal cortex]] of those with ADHD patients in comparison to their peers;<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071112172200.htm Brain Matures A Few Years Late In ADHD, But Follows Normal Pattern<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> consequently, these delayed attributes are considered an [[impairment]].
-* ADHD has also been classified as a [[conduct disorder|behavior disorder]]
+* ADHD has also been classified as a [[conduct disorder|behavior disorder]].
-* ADHD has also been classified as a [[neurological disorder]] <ref>[http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Projects/ADHD.shtml#CurrentResearch LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> or combinations of these classifications such as neurobehavioral or [[Neurodevelopmental Disorders|neurodevelopmental disorders]].
+* ADHD has also been classified as a [[neurological disorder]] or a combination of classifications such as a neurobehavioral or [[Neurodevelopmental Disorders|neurodevelopmental disorder]].<ref>[http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Projects/ADHD.shtml#CurrentResearch LONI: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-*In the tenth edition of the ''[[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]]'' (ICD-10) the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders".  When a [[conduct disorder]] (as defined by ICD-10<ref name=ICD10> [http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ ICD Version 2006: F91.] [[World Health Organization]].  Retrieved on [[December 11]], [[2006]].</ref>) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder".  Otherwise the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention", "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders" or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified".  The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome".<ref name=ICD10/>
+*In the tenth edition of the ''[[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]]'' (ICD-10), the symptoms of ADD are given the name "Hyperkinetic disorders."  When a [[conduct disorder]] (as defined by ICD-10<ref name=ICD10> [http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ ICD Version 2006: F91.] [[World Health Organization]].  Retrieved on [[December 11]], [[2006]].</ref>) is present, the condition is referred to as "Hyperkinetic conduct disorder." Otherwise, the disorder is classified as "Disturbance of Activity and Attention," "Other Hyperkinetic Disorders," or "Hyperkinetic Disorders, Unspecified." The latter is sometimes referred to as, "Hyperkinetic Syndrome."<ref name=ICD10/>
 ==References==
@@ Line 60: / Line 28: @@
 {{WS}}
-[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Psychiatry]]
 [[Category:Pediatrics]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]