Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2]
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Differentiating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder from other Diseases |
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Overview
There are no established causes of ADHD. Studies suggest that ADHD results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
Causes
ADHD likely stems from an interaction between genetic factors and external factors, including trauma or exposure to toxins. The genetic component of the disease has been demonstrated by the increased likelihood that a person for whom ADHD runs in his/her family is more likely to have ADHD than a person with no family history of the disorder. Studies have also shown that there is a familial transmission of the disorder which does not occur through adoptive relationships. Twin studies indicate that the disorder is highly heritable and that genetics contribute about three quarters of the total ADHD population, leaving the contribution of non-genetic factors at around 25%. [1]
A paper published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research in October 2015 identified a link between traumatic brain injury and the onset of ADHD-like symptoms in a sample of Canadian adults. Brain injury may be one possible cause of ADHD that is not related to genetics.[2]
References
- ↑ OurMed. (2010). "Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."
- ↑ Ilie G, Vingilis ER, Mann RE, Hamilton H, Toplak M, Adlaf EM; et al. (2015). "The association between traumatic brain injury and ADHD in a Canadian adult sample". J Psychiatr Res. 69: 174–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.004. PMID 26343610.