Astrocytoma physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like. You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, well appearing, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc.
Vitals
Temperature
- A fever is often present
- Hypothermia may be present
Pulse
Rate
- Tachycardia may be present
- Bradycardia may be present
Rhythm
- The pulse is regular
- The pules is irregularly irregular
Strength
- The pulse may be weak
- The pulse may be bounding
- The pulse may be alternating in strength (pulsus alternans)
- A paradoxical pulse may be present
Symmetry
- The pulses may be asymmetric
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension may be present
- Hypertension may be present
- A wide pulse pressure may be present
- A narrow pulse pressure may be present
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypnea may be present
- Bradypnea may be present
- Kussmaul respirations may be present
Skin
- Cyanosis may be present
- Jaundice may be present
- A rash may be present
- Pallor may be present
- Lesions may be present
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Description (Adapted from Dermatology Atlas)
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Description (Adapted from Dermatology Atlas)
Head
- Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
- There may be evidence of trauma
Eyes
- Icteric sclera may be present
- Nystagmus may be present.
- Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
- Pupils may not react to light
- Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
Ears
- Hearing acuity may be reduced
- Weber test may be positive
- Rinne test may be positive
- There may be exudate from the ear canal
- There may be tenderness on movement of the pinnae
Nose
- Nares may be inflamed
- There may be epistaxis
- There may be purulent exudate from the nares
- There may be tenderness to percussion of the sinuses
- The nares may be congested
Throat
- The throat may be erythematous
- There may be exudate in the throat
- There may be petechiae seen in the throat
- There may be tonsillar inflammation
Neck
- Jugular venous pressure may be elevated
- Carotid bruits may be present
- Lymph nodes may be present
- Thyromegaly may be present
- Hepatojugular reflux may be present
Lungs
- Pulmonary edema and rales may be present
- Wheezing may be present
- Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
- Rales may be present
- Egophony may be present
- Chest movement may be assymetric
Heart
- A heave may be present
- A thrill may be present
- A friction rub may be pressent
Auscultation
- S1
- S2
- S3
- S4
- Gallops
- A systolic murmur best heard at the base may be present
- A systolic murmur best heard at the apex may be present
- A diastolic murmur may be present
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention may be present
- Abdominal tenderness may be present
- Rebound tenderness may be present
- An acute abdomen may be present
- An abdominal mass may be present
- Guarding may be present
- Hepatomegaly may be present
- Splenomegaly may be present
- Genitourinary exam if relevant
Extremities
Neurologic
- Mental status may be altered
- Glasgow coma scale is ___
- Clonus may be present
- Hyperactive reflexes may be present
- There are deficits in cranial nerves ___