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{{Astrocytoma}}
{{Astrocytoma}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Fs}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
A positive finding of [[headache]], [[seizures]], change in personality or behavior are suggestive of astrocytoma.  
A positive history of [[Vinyl chloride]], [[Phenols]][[Organic solvents|, organic solvents]], [[Pesticide|pesticides]], [[Formaldehyde]], lubricating fluids, [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon|polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]], past [[radiation therapy]] to the [[brain]], [[Genetic]] disorders, [[Blood group|blood group A]], previous [[head trauma]], [[Meningitis]], [[Epilepsy]], [[Headache]], limb [[Paresthesia|parasthesia]] or [[weakness]], difficulty [[swallowing]], [[Nausea]], [[Diplopia]], [[Lethargy]], personality changes and [[Blurred vision]] is suggestive of astrocytoma. The most common symptoms of astrocytoma include morning [[headache]] or [[headache]] that goes away after [[vomiting]], [[Nausea and vomiting]], [[Vision]], [[hearing]], and [[speech]] problems, loss of balance and trouble walking, worsening handwriting or slow [[speech]], [[Weakness]] or change in feeling on one side of the [[body]], unusual [[sleep]]iness, Change in personality or behavior, Increase in the size of the [[head]] (in [[infant]]s), [[Seizures]], decreased [[memory]], [[attention]], and [[motor]] abilities, but unaffected intelligence, language, and academic skills. Less common symptoms of astrocytoma include [[Weight loss]] or [[weight]] gain for no known reason and more or less energy than usual.


==Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
* Symptoms depend on the following.<ref name=NCI>{{cite web | title = National Caner Institute Astrocytoma| url =http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-astrocytoma-treament-pdq#cit/section_1.19 }}</ref>
 
:* Location of the [[tumor]] in the [[brain]] or [[spinal cord]]
=== History ===
:* Size of the [[tumor]]
Patients with astrocytoma may have a positive history of:
:* How fast the [[tumor]] grows
* Exposure to:<ref name="pmid27125869">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caporalini C, Buccoliero AM, Scoccianti S, Moscardi S, Simoni A, Pansini L, Bordi L, Ammannati F, Taddei GL |title=Granular cell astrocytoma: report of a case and review of the literature |journal=Clin. Neuropathol. |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=186–93 |date=2016 |pmid=27125869 |doi=10.5414/NP300952 |url=}}</ref>
:* The child's age and development
** [[Vinyl chloride]]
* Some tumors do not cause symptoms. The most common symptoms of Astrocytoma are:
** [[Phenols]]
:* Morning [[headache]] or headache that goes away after vomiting
** [[Organic solvents]]
:* Nausea and vomiting.
** [[Pesticide|Pesticides]]
:* Vision, hearing, and speech problems.
** [[Formaldehyde]]
:* Loss of balance and trouble walking.
** Lubricating fluids
:* Worsening handwriting or slow speech.
** [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon|Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]]
:* Weakness or change in feeling on one side of the body.
*Past [[radiation therapy]] to the [[brain]]<ref name="pmid29717567">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheppard JP, Nguyen T, Alkhalid Y, Beckett JS, Salamon N, Yang I |title=Risk of Brain Tumor Induction from Pediatric Head CT Procedures: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=Brain Tumor Res Treat |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29717567 |pmc=5932294 |doi=10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e4 |url=}}</ref>
:* Unusual sleepiness.
*[[Genetic]] Disorders such as:<ref name="pmid26892650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soura E, Eliades PJ, Shannon K, Stratigos AJ, Tsao H |title=Hereditary melanoma: Update on syndromes and management: Genetics of familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=395–407; quiz 408–10 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26892650 |pmc=4761105 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.038 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24789122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chourmouzi D, Papadopoulou E, Konstantinidis M, Syrris V, Kouskouras K, Haritanti A, Karkavelas G, Drevelegas A |title=Manifestations of pilocytic astrocytoma: a pictorial review |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=387–402 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24789122 |pmc=4035491 |doi=10.1007/s13244-014-0328-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27656320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gajavelli S, Nakhla J, Nasser R, Yassari R, Weidenheim KM, Graber J |title=Ollier disease with anaplastic astrocytoma: A review of the literature and a unique case |journal=Surg Neurol Int |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 23 |pages=S607–11 |date=2016 |pmid=27656320 |pmc=5025950 |doi=10.4103/2152-7806.189731 |url=}}</ref>
:* More or less energy than usual.
**[[Neurofibromatosis]]
:* Change in personality or behavior.
**[[Tuberous sclerosis]]
:* [[Seizures]].
**[[Li-Fraumeni syndrome]]
:* Weight loss or weight gain for no known reason.
**[[Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]]
:* Increase in the size of the head (in infants).
**[[Turcot syndrome]]
:* [[Seizures]]- In almost half of the cases, the first symptom of an astrocytoma is the onset of a focal or generalized [[seizure]]. Between 60 to 75% of patients will have recurrent [[seizures]] in the course of their illness.
**Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome
:* Children with astrocytoma usually have decreased memory, attention, and motor abilities, but unaffected intelligence, language, and academic skills.
 
:* Anaplastic Astrocytoma is  often related to seizures, neurologic deficits, headaches, or changes in mental status.
*[[Blood group|Blood group A]]<ref name="pmid13636517">{{cite journal |vauthors=BUCKWALTER JA, TURNER JH, GAMBER HH, RATERMAN L, SOPER RT, KNOWLER LA |title=Psychoses, intracranial neoplasms, and genetics |journal=AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=480–5 |date=April 1959 |pmid=13636517 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1568177">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlehofer B, Blettner M, Becker N, Martinsohn C, Wahrendorf J |title=Medical risk factors and the development of brain tumors |journal=Cancer |volume=69 |issue=10 |pages=2541–7 |date=May 1992 |pmid=1568177 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
*Previous [[head trauma]]<ref name="pmid6493505">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hochberg F, Toniolo P, Cole P |title=Head trauma and seizures as risk factors of glioblastoma |journal=Neurology |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=1511–4 |date=November 1984 |pmid=6493505 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Epilepsy]]<ref name="pmid1568177">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlehofer B, Blettner M, Becker N, Martinsohn C, Wahrendorf J |title=Medical risk factors and the development of brain tumors |journal=Cancer |volume=69 |issue=10 |pages=2541–7 |date=May 1992 |pmid=1568177 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Headache]]
*Limb [[Paresthesia|parasthesia]] or [[weakness]]
*Difficulty [[swallowing]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Diplopia]]
*[[Lethargy]]
*Personality changes
*[[Blurred vision]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
=== Common Symptoms ===
Common symptoms of astrocytoma are:<ref name=":0">{{cite journal
  | author = JL Ater ''et al''
  | author = JL Ater ''et al''
  | title = Correlation of medical and neurosurgical events with neuropsychological status in children at diagnosis of astrocytoma: utilization of a neurological severity score
  | title = Correlation of medical and neurosurgical events with neuropsychological status in children at diagnosis of astrocytoma: utilization of a neurological severity score
Line 35: Line 47:
  | pages =462-469
  | pages =462-469
  | date =1996
  | date =1996
  | id =PMID 9120225}} </ref> <ref>{{cite journal
  | id =PMID 9120225}} </ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal
  | author =JM Dewar, PJ Dady and V Balakrishnan
  | author =JM Dewar, PJ Dady and V Balakrishnan
  | title =Metastatic astrocytoma
  | title =Metastatic astrocytoma
Line 43: Line 55:
  | pages =745-747
  | pages =745-747
  | date =1985
  | date =1985
  | id =PMID 3010926}}</ref>
  | id =PMID 3010926}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book | last = Bigner | first = D. D. | title = Russell and Rubinstein's pathology of tumors of the nervous system | publisher = Hodder Arnold Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press | location = London New York, NY | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0340810071 }}</ref>
* Morning [[headache]] or [[headache]] that goes away after [[vomiting]]
* [[Nausea and vomiting]]
* [[Vision]], [[hearing]], and [[speech]] problems
* Loss of balance and trouble walking
* Worsening handwriting or slow [[speech]]
* [[Weakness]] or change in feeling on one side of the [[body]]
* Unusual [[sleep]]iness
* Change in personality or behavior
* Increase in the size of the [[head]] (in [[infant]]s)
* [[Seizures]]- In almost half of the cases, the first [[symptom]] of an astrocytoma is the onset of a focal or generalized [[seizure]]. Between 60 to 75% of patients will have recurrent [[seizures]] in the course of their [[illness]].
* Children with astrocytoma usually have decreased [[memory]], [[attention]], and [[motor]] abilities, but unaffected intelligence, language, and academic skills.
* [[Anaplastic astrocytoma]] is often related to [[seizure]]s, neurologic deficits, [[headache]]s, or changes in [[mental status]].
 
=== Less Common Symptoms ===
Less common [[Symptom|symptoms]] of astrocytoma include:
* [[Weight loss]] or [[weight]] gain for no known reason
* More or less energy than usual
NOTE: High grade tumors mostly cause local neurological deficit rather than [[seizure]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

A positive history of Vinyl chloride, Phenols, organic solvents, pesticides, Formaldehyde, lubricating fluids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, past radiation therapy to the brain, Genetic disorders, blood group A, previous head trauma, Meningitis, Epilepsy, Headache, limb parasthesia or weakness, difficulty swallowing, Nausea, Diplopia, Lethargy, personality changes and Blurred vision is suggestive of astrocytoma. The most common symptoms of astrocytoma include morning headache or headache that goes away after vomiting, Nausea and vomiting, Vision, hearing, and speech problems, loss of balance and trouble walking, worsening handwriting or slow speech, Weakness or change in feeling on one side of the body, unusual sleepiness, Change in personality or behavior, Increase in the size of the head (in infants), Seizures, decreased memory, attention, and motor abilities, but unaffected intelligence, language, and academic skills. Less common symptoms of astrocytoma include Weight loss or weight gain for no known reason and more or less energy than usual.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with astrocytoma may have a positive history of:

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of astrocytoma are:[9][10][11]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of astrocytoma include:

NOTE: High grade tumors mostly cause local neurological deficit rather than seizure.

References

  1. ↑ Caporalini C, Buccoliero AM, Scoccianti S, Moscardi S, Simoni A, Pansini L, Bordi L, Ammannati F, Taddei GL (2016). "Granular cell astrocytoma: report of a case and review of the literature". Clin. Neuropathol. 35 (4): 186–93. doi:10.5414/NP300952. PMID 27125869.
  2. ↑ Sheppard JP, Nguyen T, Alkhalid Y, Beckett JS, Salamon N, Yang I (April 2018). "Risk of Brain Tumor Induction from Pediatric Head CT Procedures: A Systematic Literature Review". Brain Tumor Res Treat. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e4. PMC 5932294. PMID 29717567.
  3. ↑ Soura E, Eliades PJ, Shannon K, Stratigos AJ, Tsao H (March 2016). "Hereditary melanoma: Update on syndromes and management: Genetics of familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 74 (3): 395–407, quiz 408–10. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.038. PMC 4761105. PMID 26892650.
  4. ↑ Chourmouzi D, Papadopoulou E, Konstantinidis M, Syrris V, Kouskouras K, Haritanti A, Karkavelas G, Drevelegas A (June 2014). "Manifestations of pilocytic astrocytoma: a pictorial review". Insights Imaging. 5 (3): 387–402. doi:10.1007/s13244-014-0328-2. PMC 4035491. PMID 24789122.
  5. ↑ Gajavelli S, Nakhla J, Nasser R, Yassari R, Weidenheim KM, Graber J (2016). "Ollier disease with anaplastic astrocytoma: A review of the literature and a unique case". Surg Neurol Int. 7 (Suppl 23): S607–11. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.189731. PMC 5025950. PMID 27656320.
  6. ↑ BUCKWALTER JA, TURNER JH, GAMBER HH, RATERMAN L, SOPER RT, KNOWLER LA (April 1959). "Psychoses, intracranial neoplasms, and genetics". AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 81 (4): 480–5. PMID 13636517.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Schlehofer B, Blettner M, Becker N, Martinsohn C, Wahrendorf J (May 1992). "Medical risk factors and the development of brain tumors". Cancer. 69 (10): 2541–7. PMID 1568177.
  8. ↑ Hochberg F, Toniolo P, Cole P (November 1984). "Head trauma and seizures as risk factors of glioblastoma". Neurology. 34 (11): 1511–4. PMID 6493505.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 JL Ater; et al. (1996). "Correlation of medical and neurosurgical events with neuropsychological status in children at diagnosis of astrocytoma: utilization of a neurological severity score". Journal of Child Neurology. 11 (6): 462–469. PMID 9120225.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 JM Dewar, PJ Dady and V Balakrishnan (1985). "Metastatic astrocytoma". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine. 15 (6): 745–747. PMID 3010926.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bigner, D. D. (2006). Russell and Rubinstein's pathology of tumors of the nervous system. London New York, NY: Hodder Arnold Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0340810071.

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