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{{CMG}}


'''For patient information click [[Arachnoid cyst (patient information)|here]].'''


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Jose}}


{{SK}} Leptomeningeal cyst


==See also==
==[[Arachnoid cyst overview|Overview]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst differential diagnosis|Differentiating Arachnoid Cyst from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Arachnoid cyst natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Arachnoid cyst history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Arachnoid cyst physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Arachnoid cyst CT|CT]] | [[Arachnoid cyst MRI|MRI]] | [[Arachnoid cyst other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
 
[[Arachnoid cyst medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Arachnoid cyst surgery|Surgery]] | [[Arachnoid cyst cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Arachnoid cyst future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Arachnoid cyst case study one|Case #1]]
 
==Related Chapters==
* [[Acoustic Neuroma]]
* [[Acoustic Neuroma]]
* [[Arachnoiditis]]
* [[Arachnoiditis]]
* [[brain tumor|Brain Tumors, General]]
* [[brain tumor|Brain Tumors, General]]
* [[Dandy-Walker Syndrome]]
* [[Empty Sella Syndrome]]
* [[Empty Sella Syndrome]]
* [[Epidermoids]]
* [[Midline Caves of the Brain]]
* [[Porencephaly]]
* [[Porencephaly]]
* [[Syringomyelia]]
* [[Syringomyelia]]
* [[Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome]]
* [[Hyperprolactinemia]]
* [[Hyperprolactinemia]]
* [[Panhypopituitarism]]
* [[Panhypopituitarism]]
* [[Arnold-Chiari Malformation]]
* [[Arnold-Chiari Malformation]]


==Patient Information==
===What are Arachnoid Cysts?===
Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs that are located between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane, one of the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.  Primary arachnoid cysts are present at birth and are the result of developmental abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord that arise during the early weeks of gestation.  Secondary arachnoid cysts are not as common as primary cysts and develop as a result of head injury, meningitis, or tumors, or as a complication of brain surgery.  The majority of arachnoid cysts form outside the temporal lobe of the brain in an area of the skull known as the middle crania fossa.  Arachnoid cysts involving the spinal cord are rarer.  The location and size of the cyst determine the symptoms and when those symptoms begin.  Most individuals with arachnoid cysts develop symptoms before the age of 20, and especially during the first year of life, but some people with arachnoid cysts never have symptoms.  Males are four times more likely to have arachnoid cysts than females.
Typical symptoms of an arachnoid cyst around the brain include headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, hearing and visual disturbances, vertigo, and difficulties with balance and walking.  Arachnoid cysts around the spinal cord compress the spinal cord or nerve roots and cause symptoms such as progressive back and leg pain and tingling or numbness in the legs or arms.  Diagnosis usually involves a brain scan using diffusion-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) which helps distinguish fluid-filled arachnoid cysts from other types of cysts. 
===Is there any treatment?===
There has been active debate about how to treat arachnoid cysts.  The need for treatment depends mostly upon the location and size of the cyst.  If the cyst is small, not disturbing surrounding tissue, and not causing symptoms, some doctors will refrain from treatment.  In the past, doctors placed shunts in the cyst to drain its fluid.  Now with microneurosurgical techniques and endoscopic tools that allow for minimally invasive surgery, more doctors are opting to surgically remove the membranes of the cyst or open the cyst so its fluid can drain into the cerebrospinal fluid and be absorbed. 
===What is the prognosis?===
Untreated, arachnoid cysts may cause permanent severe neurological damage when progressive expansion of the cyst(s) or hemorrhage injures the brain or spinal cord.  Symptoms usually resolve or improve with treatment.
==What research is being done?==
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to brain abnormalities and disorders of the nervous system such as arachnoid cysts in laboratories at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country.  Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure neurological disorders such as arachnoid cysts.


==References==
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==External Links==
Patient support sites:
*[http://arachnoidcyst.org arachnoidcyst.org]
*[http://arachnoidcyst.net arachnoidcyst.net]
*[http://arachnoidactivist.com Arachnoid Activist]
<br>


[[Category:Central nervous system]]
[[Category:Central nervous system]]

Latest revision as of 15:12, 8 July 2020

Arachnoid cyst
Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst; Extension into posterior fossa and displacing the pons (T1 - MRI)
Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
ICD-10 Q04.6
ICD-9 348.0
OMIM 207790
DiseasesDB 33219
MeSH D016080

Arachnoid cyst Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Leptomeningeal cyst

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Arachnoid Cyst from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | CT | MRI | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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