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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
*'''Low-risk disease''': Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of less than 10000 [[white blood cells]] per microliter in peripheral blood.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> Treatment of low-risk disease involves non-chemotherapy-based regimens, such as the combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> | *'''Low-risk disease''': Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of less than 10000 [[white blood cells]] per microliter and greater than 40000 platelets per microliter in the peripheral blood.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> Treatment of low-risk disease involves non-chemotherapy-based regimens, such as the combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> | ||
*'''High-risk disease''': Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of greater than 10000 [[white blood cells]] per microliter in peripheral blood.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> [[Platelet]] count is typically less than 40000 cells per microliter, though [[platelet]] count is not a formal criterion in the classification of acute promyelocytic leukemia. | *'''Intermediate-risk disease''': Intermediate-risk disease is defined as the presence of less than 10000 [[white blood cells]] per microliter and less than 40000 platelets per microliter in peripheral blood. | ||
*'''High-risk disease''': Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of greater than 10000 [[white blood cells]] per microliter in peripheral blood, regardless of the platelet count.<ref name="pmid25885425">{{cite journal| author=Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS| title=Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future. | journal=Blood Cancer J | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= e304 | pmid=25885425 | doi=10.1038/bcj.2015.25 | pmc=4450325 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25885425 }} </ref> [[Platelet]] count is typically less than 40000 cells per microliter, though [[platelet]] count is not a formal criterion in the classification of acute promyelocytic leukemia. | |||
*'''Therapy-related disease''': Therapy-related disease refers to the development of acute promyelocytic leukemia in patients who were previously treated with DNA-damaging or genotoxic agents for other conditions, such as other cancers. The most common DNA-damaging agents that cause therapy-associated acute promyelocytic leukemia are topoisomerase inhibitors and alkylating agents. | *'''Therapy-related disease''': Therapy-related disease refers to the development of acute promyelocytic leukemia in patients who were previously treated with DNA-damaging or genotoxic agents for other conditions, such as other cancers. The most common DNA-damaging agents that cause therapy-associated acute promyelocytic leukemia are topoisomerase inhibitors and alkylating agents. | ||
**''Topoisomerase inhibitors'': | **''Topoisomerase inhibitors'': | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]
Classification
- Low-risk disease: Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of less than 10000 white blood cells per microliter and greater than 40000 platelets per microliter in the peripheral blood.[1] Treatment of low-risk disease involves non-chemotherapy-based regimens, such as the combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide.[1]
- Intermediate-risk disease: Intermediate-risk disease is defined as the presence of less than 10000 white blood cells per microliter and less than 40000 platelets per microliter in peripheral blood.
- High-risk disease: Low-risk disease is defined as the presence of greater than 10000 white blood cells per microliter in peripheral blood, regardless of the platelet count.[1] Platelet count is typically less than 40000 cells per microliter, though platelet count is not a formal criterion in the classification of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
- Therapy-related disease: Therapy-related disease refers to the development of acute promyelocytic leukemia in patients who were previously treated with DNA-damaging or genotoxic agents for other conditions, such as other cancers. The most common DNA-damaging agents that cause therapy-associated acute promyelocytic leukemia are topoisomerase inhibitors and alkylating agents.
- Topoisomerase inhibitors:
- Alkylating agents:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coombs CC, Tavakkoli M, Tallman MS (2015). "Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future". Blood Cancer J. 5: e304. doi:10.1038/bcj.2015.25. PMC 4450325. PMID 25885425.