Acute pancreatitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Causes

Common Causes

A common mnemonic for the causes of pancreatitis spells "I get smashed", an allusion to heavy drinking (one of the many causes):

• I - idiopathic
• G - gallstone. Gallstones that travel down the common bile duct and which subsequently get stuck in the Ampulla of Vater can cause obstruction in the outflow of pancreatic juices from the pancreas into the duodenum. The backflow of these digestive juices causes lysis (dissolving) of pancreatic cells and subsequent pancreatitis.
• E - ethanol (alcohol)
• T - trauma
• S - steroids
• M - mumps (paramyxovirus) and other viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus)
• A - autoimmune disease (Polyarteritis nodosa, Systemic lupus erythematosus)
• S - scorpion sting - Tityus Trinitatis - Trinidad/ snake bite
• H - hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia/hypertriglyceridemia and hypothermia
• E - ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography - a procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy)
• D - drugs (SAND - steroids & sulfonamides, azathioprine, NSAIDS, diuretics such as furosemide and thiazides, & didanosine) and duodenal ulcers

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abdominal surgery Abdominal trauma Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency Ascaris blocking pancreatic outflow Asparaginase [[Autoimmune diseases Azathioprine Bexarotene Bile duct cysts Bumetanide Campylobacter jejuni Chinese liver fluke Cholangiocarcinoma Choledochal cyst Choledocholithiasis Cholelithiasis Cholesterol embolism Coxsackie B virus Cystic fibrosis Cytomegalovirus Didanosine Diuretics Duodenal ulcer Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Enfuvirtide Epstein-Barr virus Ethanol Excessive alcohol Exenatide Familial hypertriglyceridaemia Familial partial lipodystrophy type 1 Frusemide Gallstones Gastric ulcer HIV-1 disease Human enterovirus B Hypercalcaemia Hyperlipidemia

Primary hyperparathyroidism Hypertriglyceridemia Hypothermia Idiopathic Varicella zoster Ischemia from bypass surgery Linagliptin Lipoprotein lipase deficiency Liraglutide Long common duct Mesalazine Metronidazole Mumps Mycoplasma pneumoniae NSAIDS Olsalazine Oxyphenbutazone Pancreas divisum Pancreas duct obstruction Pancreatic abnormalities Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cysts Pancreatic trauma Hereditary pancreatitis Peptic ulcer Polyarteritis nodosa Repeated marathon running Reye syndrome Scorpion sting Sitagliptin Snake bite Steroids Sulfonamides Teniasis Thiazide Valproic acid Varicella-zoster virus Zinc

Causes by demographic

The most common causes of pancreatitis, are as follows :

• Western countries - chronic [[alcoholism\\ and gallstones accounting for more than 85% of all cases
• Eastern countries - gallstones
• Children - trauma
• Adolescents and young adults - mumps

Complete differential diagnosis of causes of pancreatitis in alphabetic order

In alphabetical order.

• Acute gestational fatty liver
• Alcoholism
• Aminoaciduria
• Ascarides
• Autoimmune pancreatitis
• Bacterial infections
• Blunt Trauma
• Cholelithiasis
• Crohn's Disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Duodenal diverticulum
• Drugs
  • AIDS drugs such as DDI and Pentamidine
  • Chemotherapeutic agents L-asparaginase and azathioprine
  • Diuretics such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide
  • Estrogen
• ERCP
• Fever
• Fungal infections
• Hemochromatosis
• Hereditary pancreatitis
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypertriglyceridemia
• Hypotension
• Leukocytosis
• Necrotizing vascular angiitis
• Pancreatic cysts
• Pancreas divisum
• Partial pancreas resection
• Parasitic infections
• Penetrating trauma
• Penetrating gastrointestinal ulcer
• Porphyrias
  • Acute hepatic porphyrias
  • Acute intermittent porphyria
  • Hereditary coproporphyria
  • Variegate porphyria
  • Erythropoietic protoporphyria.
• Postoperative
• Posttransplantation
• Renal failure
• Stenosis of pancreatic ducts
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Viral infections such as mumps