Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
  Image          = |
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  DiseasesDB    = 158 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|G|04|0|g|00}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|323.61}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  MeshID        = D004673 |
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{{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}}
{{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sujaya}} {{SHM}}


{{SK}} ADEM
'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' post infectious [[encephalomyelitis]]; [[Autoimmune]] [[demyelinating disease]] of [[central nervous system]]


== Laboratory Findings ==


=== Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies ===
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis overview|Overview]]==
* CSF protein is usually modestly elevated (50-150 mg/dl)
* CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis is present, usually <200 cells/ul.
* Serum white count may be normal or elevated


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis classification|Classification]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


=== MRI and CT ===
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes|Causes]]==
* Radiographic features:
*:* MRI
*:*:* Extensive gadolinium enhancement of white matter of the brain and spinal cord
*:*:* Often extensive and relatively symmetric, often also involving the posterior fossa
*:*:* Most lesions enhance with gadolinium, suggestive that all lesions are active, and that the disease is therefore monophasic.
*:* CT is less sensitive and is sometimes falsely negative


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases]]==


== Risk Stratification and Prognosis==  
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* Prognosis varies with the severity of the neurologic disease.  Some patients will not survive the acute illness, and some will be left with neurologic sequelae.  Some remarkably recover completely.
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
* The disease is characteristically monophasic, but descriptions of multiphasic disease have been reported.
* Affected children will often suffer from persistent seizures and behavioral and learning disorders.  Adults are somewhat less likely than children to have neurologic sequelae.


== Treatment ==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* There are case reports of improvement with treatment with plasma exhange and intravenous immunoglobulin in patients who have not responded to steroids.
* The first treatment is usually [[steroid]]s and [[intensive care]] is often required.
== Pharmacotherapy ==


=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===  
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis screening|Screening]]==
* Most patients are treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone with subsequent taper.


----
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
== Acknowledgements ==
 
The content on this page was first contributed by: ELLISON L. SMITH, M.D.
==Diagnosis==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|CT]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==
*[[Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis]]
*[[Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis]]


== External links ==
==External links==
 
*[http://www.adem.org Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)Information page-> including pathogenesis/aetiology/treatment/prognosis] at adem.org
*[http://www.adem.org Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)Information page-> including pathogenesis/aetiology/treatment/prognosis] at adem.org
* [http://www.myelitis.org/adem.htm Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)] at myelitis.org
*[http://www.myelitis.org/adem.htm Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)] at myelitis.org
* {{cite journal |author=Murthy J |title=Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |journal=Neurology India |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=238-43 |year=2002 |pmid=12391446 |url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2002;volume=50;issue=3;spage=238;epage=43;aulast=Murthy}}
*{{cite journal |author=Murthy J |title=Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |journal=Neurology India |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=238-43 |year=2002 |pmid=12391446 |url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2002;volume=50;issue=3;spage=238;epage=43;aulast=Murthy}}
 


==References==
{{reflist|2}}


{{Multiple sclerosis}}
{{Diseases of the nervous system}}
{{Diseases of the nervous system}}


[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]


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Latest revision as of 10:02, 8 December 2022

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis On the Web

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NICE Guidance

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2] Shameera Shaik Masthan MBBS, DLO, DNB[3]

Synonyms and Keywords: post infectious encephalomyelitis; Autoimmune demyelinating disease of central nervous system


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External links

  • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)Information page-> including pathogenesis/aetiology/treatment/prognosis at adem.org
  • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) at myelitis.org
  • Murthy J (2002). "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Neurology India. 50 (3): 238–43. PMID 12391446.


References

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