Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Difference between revisions

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{{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}}
{{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sujaya}} {{SHM}}


'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' post infectious [[encephalomyelitis]]; [[Autoimmune]] [[demyelinating disease]] of [[central nervous system]]
'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' post infectious [[encephalomyelitis]]; [[Autoimmune]] [[demyelinating disease]] of [[central nervous system]]
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==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis classification|Classification]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis classification|Classification]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
<br />
==Pathophysiology==
==Genetics==
<br />
==Associated Conditions==
==Gross Pathology==
<br />
==Microscopic Pathology==
<br />


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes|Causes]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes|Causes]]==
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==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases]]==


==References==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
<br />
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
===Developed Countries===
===Developing Countries===


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
<br />
==Overview==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
==Risk Factors==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis screening|Screening]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis screening|Screening]]==
==Overview==
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
OR
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
OR
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].
==Screening==
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
OR
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
OR
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with:
*[Condition 1]
*[Condition 2]
*[Condition 3]


==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Overview==
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]
===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|CT]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|CT]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
<br />
===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
===History and Symptoms===
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
===Physical Examination===
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
OR
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
===Laboratory Findings===
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
OR
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
OR
[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
OR
Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
OR
There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
===Electrocardiogram===
There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
OR
An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
===X-ray===
There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
OR
An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].
OR
Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
===CT scan===
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
===MRI===
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
===Other Imaging Findings===
There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
OR
[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
<br />


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Case #1]]
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Case #1]]
==Acknowledgements==
The content on this page was first contributed by: ELLISON L. SMITH, M.D.


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==

Latest revision as of 10:02, 8 December 2022

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2] Shameera Shaik Masthan MBBS, DLO, DNB[3]

Synonyms and Keywords: post infectious encephalomyelitis; Autoimmune demyelinating disease of central nervous system


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External links

  • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)Information page-> including pathogenesis/aetiology/treatment/prognosis at adem.org
  • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) at myelitis.org
  • Murthy J (2002). "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Neurology India. 50 (3): 238–43. PMID 12391446.


References

Template:Diseases of the nervous system

de:Akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis nl:Acute gedissemineerde encefalomyelitis fi:Akuutti disseminoitunut enkefalomyeliitti

Template:WH Template:WS