Procaine

Procaine
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

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Overview

Procaine is a local anesthetic that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of local Anesthetic for local infiltration and peripheral nerve block. Common adverse reactions include MYOCARDIAL DEPRESSION, HYPOTENSION and sometimes HYPERTENSION, BRADYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, and CARDIAC ARREST,NAUSEA/VOMITING CUTANEOUS LESIONS of delayed onset, URTICARIA, and EDEMA related to ALLERGIC REACTIONS ,NERVOUSNESS, DIZZINESS, BLURRED VISION, and TREMORS may occur due to systemic toxicity; however, DROWSINESS or CONVULSIONS with subsequent unconsciousness and RESPIRATORY ARREST.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

There is limited information regarding Procaine FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Procaine FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

There is limited information regarding Procaine Contraindications in the drug label.

Warnings

There is limited information regarding Procaine Warnings' in the drug label.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Procaine Clinical Trials Experience in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Procaine Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Procaine Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Procaine in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Procaine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Procaine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in pediatric settings.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Procaine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

There is limited information regarding Procaine Administration in the drug label.

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Procaine Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Procaine and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Procaine overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Procaine Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Procaine Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Procaine Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Procaine Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Procaine How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Procaine Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Procaine Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Procaine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Procaine Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Procaine Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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Overview

Procaine

Clinical data
Pregnancy category	AU: B2 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Parenteral
ATC code	N01BA02 (WHO) C05AD05 (WHO) S01HA05 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	n/a
Metabolism	Hydrolysis by plasma esterases
Elimination half-life	40–84 seconds
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
CAS Number	59-46-1
PubChem CID	4914
DrugBank	APRD00650
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H20N2O2
Molar mass	236.31 g/mol

WikiDoc Resources for Procaine
Articles
Most recent articles on Procaine Most cited articles on Procaine Review articles on Procaine Articles on Procaine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Procaine Images of Procaine Photos of Procaine Podcasts & MP3s on Procaine Videos on Procaine
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Procaine Bandolier on Procaine TRIP on Procaine
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Procaine at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Procaine Clinical Trials on Procaine at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Procaine NICE Guidance on Procaine NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Procaine CDC on Procaine
Books
Books on Procaine
News
Procaine in the news Be alerted to news on Procaine News trends on Procaine
Commentary
Blogs on Procaine
Definitions
Definitions of Procaine
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Procaine Discussion groups on Procaine Patient Handouts on Procaine Directions to Hospitals Treating Procaine Risk calculators and risk factors for Procaine
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Procaine Causes & Risk Factors for Procaine Diagnostic studies for Procaine Treatment of Procaine
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Procaine
International
Procaine en Espanol Procaine en Francais
Business
Procaine in the Marketplace Patents on Procaine
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Procaine

Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin, and is also used in dentistry. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain, procaine is sometimes referred to generically as novocaine or novacaine.

Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn (1857–1917) who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin Novus (meaning New) and caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun (1862–1934).

Procaine is used less frequently today since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels, which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine, and without the euphoric and addictive qualities of cocaine.

Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.

Procaine is the primary ingredient in the controversial preparation Gerovital H3, which is claimed by its advocates to remedy many effects of aging. The mainstream medical view is that these claims were seriously studied and discredited in the 1960s.

See also

• Procaine blockade