Vulvar cancer risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Who is at highest risk?

Clinical data has suggested that the development of vulvar cancer is related to several factors.

  • Human papilloma virus (HPV): Clinical survey shows HPV infection is thought to be responsible for up to half of vulvar cancers overall, and most of the cases that occur in younger women.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Scientists found that HIV can damage the body's immune system and make women more susceptible to persistent HPV infections.
  • Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): Clinical data suggest that women with VIN have an increased risk of developing invasive vulvar cancer.
  • Lichen sclerosus (LS): Epidemiological data show about 4% of women with LS develope vulvar cancer later.
  • Melanoma or atypical moles: Epidemiological data have verified that melanoma or atypical moles increase the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
  • Smoking: Smoking can further increases the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
  • Age: The risk of vulvar cancer goes up with age and the average age of women diagnosed with invasive vulvar cancer is 70.

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