Appendix cancer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Epidemiology of appendix cancer should be discussed with respect to the major histological characteristics of the tumors.
- Prevalence, risk factors, age distribution as well as prognosis are different in the two major types of apendiceal cancers.[1]
- According to the SEER database, adenocarcinoma accounted for 58% of appendiceal tumors. [2]
- Carcinoid tumors comprise 50-77% of appendiceal malignancies.[3]
Incidence
- The incidence of carcinoid tumor of appendix is approximately 0.075 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[4]
- The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is approximately 0.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[5]
Prevalence
- Appendiceal neoplasms account for approximately 0.4% of gastrointestinal tumors.[2]
- The estimated prevalence of appendix cancer is approximately 0.12 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[6]
- The estimated prevalence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is 0.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide;[6]
Age
- The incidence of appendix cancer increases with age; meanwhile, patients with carcinoid tumors are generally younger than their adenocarcinoma counterparts.
- The median age at diagnosis is 65 years for adenocarcinoma, compared to t 32-43 years (range, 6 to 80 years) for carcinoid tumors.[7][4]
- The patients with tubular carcinoids are significantly younger than the patients with goblet cell carcinoids.[8]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to appendiceal cancers.[1] Meanwhile carcinoid tumors are slightly more prevalent among Caucasians and African-Americans. [9][10]A poorer survival has been reported for the black patients with carcinoid tumors. [10]
Gender
- Generally appendiceal cancers affects men and women equally.
- While in adenocarcinoma there is a male dominant pattern of prevalence, females are more commonly affected by appendiceal carcinoids than men; [4][5]This might be because of high incidental appendicectomies in women. Nevertheless, in the SEER database, the male to female ratio is approximately 1 to 1.[1][7][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chapter 5: Tumours of the Appendix - IARC. https://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb2/bb2-chap5.pdf Accessed on January 15, 2019
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thomas RM, Sobin LH (1995). "Gastrointestinal cancer". Cancer. 75 (1 Suppl): 154–70. PMID 8000994.
- ↑ Syracuse DC, Perzin KH, Price JB, Wiedel PD, Mesa-Tejada R (1979). "Carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Mesoappendiceal extension and nodal metastases". Ann Surg. 190 (1): 58–63. PMC 1344458. PMID 464679.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Modlin IM, Sandor A (1997). "An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors". Cancer. 79 (4): 813–29. PMID 9024720.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Deans GT, Spence RA (1995). "Neoplastic lesions of the appendix". Br J Surg. 82 (3): 299–306. PMID 7795991.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T (2012). "Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 19 (5): 1379–85. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1. PMID 22302267.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Carr NJ, McCarthy WF, Sobin LH (1995). "Epithelial noncarcinoid tumors and tumor-like lesions of the appendix. A clinicopathologic study of 184 patients with a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors". Cancer. 75 (3): 757–68. PMID 7828125.
- ↑ Burke AP, Sobin LH, Federspiel BH, Shekitka KM, Helwig EB (1990). "Goblet cell carcinoids and related tumors of the vermiform appendix". Am J Clin Pathol. 94 (1): 27–35. PMID 2163192.
- ↑ Irvin M. Modlin, Kevin D. Lye & Mark Kidd (2003). "A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors". Cancer. 97 (4): 934–959. doi:10.1002/cncr.11105. PMID 12569593. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Melinda A. Maggard, Jessica B. O'Connell & Clifford Y. Ko (2004). "Updated population-based review of carcinoid tumors". Annals of surgery. 240 (1): 117–122. PMID 15213627. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)