Melanoma risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
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Overview
The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are light-colored skin and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other risk factors include old age, male gender, family history of melanoma, personal history of skin cancers, immunodeficiency, and certain hereditary disorders.
Risk Factors
- The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are light-colored skin and exposure to ultraviolet radiation.[1][2]
- Other risk factors for the development of melanoma include:
- Old age[3]
- Male gender
- Family history of melanoma[4][5][6]
- Multiple benign or atypical nevi[6]
- Personal history of melanoma
- Administration of immunosuppressive therapy
- Sun sensitivity
- Therapeutic agents such as:
- Exposure to environmental chemicals such as:
- Hereditary diseases including:
- Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome
- Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation[8]
- Dysplastic nevus syndrome
- Retinoblastoma[9]
- Xeroderma pigmentosum[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ghiasvand R, Rueegg CS, Weiderpass E, Green AC, Lund E, Veierød MB (February 2017). "Indoor Tanning and Melanoma Risk: Long-Term Evidence From a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study". Am. J. Epidemiol. 185 (3): 147–156. doi:10.1093/aje/kww148. PMID 28077359.
- ↑ Leiter U, Garbe C (2008). "Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer--the role of sunlight". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 624: 89–103. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8. PMID 18348450.
- ↑ Matas-Nadal C, Malvehy J, Ferreres JR, Boada A, Bodet D, Segura S, Salleras M, Azon A, Bel-Pla S, Bigata X, Campoy A, Curcó N, Dalmau J, Formigon M, Gonzalez A, Just M, Llistosella E, Nogues ME, Pedragosa R, Pujol JA, Sabat M, Smandia JA, Zaballos P, Puig S, Martí RM (December 2018). "Increasing incidence of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in Catalonia". Int. J. Dermatol. doi:10.1111/ijd.14334. PMID 30548854.
- ↑ Greene MH (December 1999). "The genetics of hereditary melanoma and nevi. 1998 update". Cancer. 86 (11 Suppl): 2464–77. PMID 10630172.
- ↑ Gu F, Chen TH, Pfeiffer RM, Fargnoli MC, Calista D, Ghiorzo P, Peris K, Puig S, Menin C, De Nicolo A, Rodolfo M, Pellegrini C, Pastorino L, Evangelou E, Zhang T, Hua X, DellaValle CT, Timothy Bishop D, MacGregor S, Iles MI, Law MH, Cust A, Brown KM, Stratigos AJ, Nagore E, Chanock S, Shi J, Consortium MM, Consortium M, Landi MT (December 2018). "Combining common genetic variants and non-genetic risk factors to predict risk of cutaneous melanoma". Hum. Mol. Genet. 27 (23): 4145–4156. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy282. PMID 30060076.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Müller C, Wendt J, Rauscher S, Sunder-Plassmann R, Richtig E, Fae I, Fischer G, Okamoto I (December 2018). "Risk Factors of Subsequent Primary Melanomas in Austria". JAMA Dermatol. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4645. PMID 30566178.
- ↑ Yin L, Pang G, Niu C, Habasi M, Dou J, Aisa HA (June 2018). "A novel psoralen derivative-MPFC enhances melanogenesis via activation of p38 MAPK and PKA signaling pathways in B16 cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 41 (6): 3727–3735. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3529. PMID 29512683.
- ↑ Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Sánchez-Laorden B, García-Borrón JC (June 2018). "Functional interplay between secreted ligands and receptors in melanoma". Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 78: 73–84. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.021. PMID 28676423.
- ↑ Francis JH, Levin AM, Abramson DH (2016). "Update on Ophthalmic Oncology 2014: Retinoblastoma and Uveal Melanoma". Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 5 (5): 368–82. doi:10.1097/APO.0000000000000213. PMID 27632029.
- ↑ Naouali C, Jones M, Nabouli I, Jerbi M, Tounsi H, Ben Rekaya M, Ben Ahmed M, Bouhaouala B, Messaoud O, Khaled A, Zghal M, Abdelhak S, Boubaker S, Yacoub-Youssef H (January 2017). "Epidemiological trends and clinicopathological features of cutaneous melanoma in sporadic and xeroderma pigmentosum Tunisian patients". Int. J. Dermatol. 56 (1): 40–48. doi:10.1111/ijd.13448. PMID 27785785.