Kidney stone epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Various studies have found epidemiological data based on time and population as mentioned:[1][2][3][4][5]

Incidence

  • The incidence/prevalence of nephrolithiasis is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Prevalence

  • The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • According to American Journal of Kidney disease, 2016, 8% of women and 16% of men are developing nephrolithiasis by the age of 70 years.

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
  • The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
  • The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
  • [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
  • [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
  • [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
  • [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Gender

  • Males are more commonly affected by nephrolithiaisis than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[6]

Region

  • The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
  • [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

References

  1. Shoag J, Tasian GE, Goldfarb DS, Eisner BH (July 2015). "The new epidemiology of nephrolithiasis". Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 22 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.004. PMID 26088071.
  2. Roudakova K, Monga M (January 2014). "The evolving epidemiology of stone disease". Indian J Urol. 30 (1): 44–8. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.124206. PMC 3897053. PMID 24497682.
  3. Curhan GC (August 2007). "Epidemiology of stone disease". Urol. Clin. North Am. 34 (3): 287–93. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.04.003. PMC 2693870. PMID 17678980.
  4. Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR (September 2017). "Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis". Investig Clin Urol. 58 (5): 299–306. doi:10.4111/icu.2017.58.5.299. PMC 5577325. PMID 28868500.
  5. Scales CD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS (July 2012). "Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States". Eur. Urol. 62 (1): 160–5. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052. PMC 3362665. PMID 22498635.
  6. Pfau, Anja; Knauf, Felix (2016). "Update on Nephrolithiasis: Core Curriculum 2016". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 68 (6): 973–985. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.016. ISSN 0272-6386.

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