Short bowel syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- Common complications of short bowel syndrome include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3]
- Patients with short bowel syndrome may have complications caused by malabsorption of vitamins and minerals, including:
- anemia
- hyperkeratosis (scaling of the skin)
- easy bruising
- muscle spasms
- poor blood clotting
- bone pain
Prognosis
- There is no cure for short bowel syndrome.
- In newborn infants, the 4-year survival rate on parenteral nutrition is approximately 70%. Some studies suggest that much of the mortality is due to a complication of the TPN, especially chronic liver disease.[1]
- Much hope is vested in Omegaven, a type of lipid TPN feed, in which recent case reports suggest the risk of liver disease is much lower.[2]
- Although promising, the small intestine transplant has a mixed success rate, with a postoperative mortality rate of up to 30%. One-year and 4-year survival rates are 90% and 60%, respectively.
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN (1997). "Short-bowel syndrome in children and adults". Gastroenterology. 113 (5): 1767–78. PMID 9352883.
- ↑ Gura KM, Duggan CP, Collier SB; et al. (2006). "Reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in two infants with short bowel syndrome using parenteral fish oil: implications for future management". Pediatrics. 118 (1): e197–201. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2662. PMID 16818533.