Osteoporosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3] Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [4]
Overview
Osteoporosis is a major health problem affecting 44 million male and female patients in the United States. The disease is more common in females aged over 50 years.
Prevalence
- In developed countries, the average prevalence of osteoporosis is 3871 per 100,000 patients. While osteoporosis occurs in people from all ethnic groups, European or Asian ancestry predisposes an individual for osteoporosis.[1]
- Upon the major epidemiological studies occurred in US, there are around 10 million adults over 50 years of age involving in osteoporosis; while, an additional 33 million ones are encountering the low bone mass. The statistics are based on femur neck bone marrow density (BMD), which was available around the US.[2]
Age
- It is estimated that 10.3% (10.2 million) of more than 50 years old people in US involve in Osteoporosis; which is based upon femoral neck BMDs only. However, based on BMD in either bone sites, it seems that 43.9% (43.4 million) of Americans have the disease.
- The prevalence of osteoporosis is increased with age in both genders. The highest rate of osteoporosis is found among people of 80 years and older, in both men and women; 35% among women and also 11% among men.[2]
Gender
- Females are more prone to develop osteoporosis than men. Lifetime risk of fractures is three times more in women than in men, but men are associated with higher mortality rates than that of women. Through the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), large population was studied; finally, concluded that 20% of white post-menopausal women, 10% of Hispanic women, and just 5% of African American women involved in osteoporosis (i.e., T-score of less than -2.5). Taking the cutoff point used for women, into account for men, the prevalence of osteoporosis become 4%, 2%, and 3% in white, Hispanic, and African-American men, respectively.
- Meanwhile, the number of men who experience such low bone mass that would encounter them to greatest risk of fracture, are more lower than women. In fact, the percentage of men and women, who have bone marrow density (BMD) of lower than -2.5 SD below the mean for 20-29 years old women, are 4% and 20%, respectively.
References
- ↑ Melton LJ (2003). "Epidemiology worldwide". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 32 (1): 1–13, v. PMID 12699289.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S; et al. (2014). "The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine". J Bone Miner Res. 29 (11): 2520–6. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2269. PMC 4757905. PMID 24771492.