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Gynecomastia risk factors

Risk factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of gynecomastia is idiopathic often multifactorial.

Common Risk Factors

  • Idiopathic
  • Drugs (12765)
    • Spironolactone
    • Cimetidine
    • Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
    • Estrogens
    • Human Chorionic gonadotropin
    • Anti-androgens
    • Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (GNRH) agonists
    • 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
    • Ketoconazole
    • steroids
    • INH
    • Digoxin[1]
  • Cirrhosis
  • Starvation and Refeeding
  • Male hypogonadism
  • Testicular neoplasms
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Chronic Kidney disease
  • Tumors

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Feminizing adrenal tumors
  • Ectopic hCG
  • Disorders of sex development
  • Familial prepubertal gynecomastia
  1. Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.