Sandbox:DAMI

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Gynecomastia from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Gynecomastia risk factors

Risk factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of gynecomastia is idiopathic often multifactorial.

Common Risk Factors

  • Idiopathic
  • Drugs (12765)
    • Spironolactone
    • Cimetidine
    • Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
    • Estrogens
    • Human Chorionic gonadotropin
    • Anti-androgens
    • Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (GNRH) agonists
    • 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
    • Ketoconazole
    • steroids
    • INH
    • Digoxin[1]
  • Cirrhosis
  • Starvation and Refeeding
  • Male hypogonadism
  • Testicular neoplasms
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Chronic Kidney disease
  • Tumors

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Feminizing adrenal tumors
  • Ectopic hCG
  • Disorders of sex development
  • Familial prepubertal gynecomastia

Causes

Screening

Natural History, Complication and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case study

References

  1. ↑ Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.
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