Diabetes mellitus type 1 physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Patients with classic onset presentation of type 1 DM are usually well appearing. Whereas type 1 DM patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia, tachypnea (kussumal breathing) and dehydration.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of type 1 DM include:[1]
Examination findings | Classic new onset | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
---|---|---|
Appearance of patient | Patient is usually well appearing | |
Vital Signs | Pulse rate- Normal
Temperature- Normal Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate- Normal Oxygen saturation- Normal Blood glucose level- Elevated |
Pulse rate- Tachycardia with regular rhythm, weak volume
Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Low blood pressure Respiratory rate-
Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low blood pressure Blood glucose level- markedly elevated |
Skin | Skin examination is usually normal, but in some cases may reveal dry skin | Poor skin turgor |
HEENT | HEENT examination is usually normal, in some cases eye examination may reveal opacity of lens(Cataract) | Dry Mucous membrane, eye appear sunken |
Neck | Neck examination is normal | |
Lungs | Lungs examination is normal | Lungs examination is usually normal, but in some cases lung examination may reveal underlying triggering causes of diabetes ketoacidosis eg: pneumonia |
Heart | Heart examination is normal | Heart examination is usually normal |
Abdomen | Abdominal examination is normal | Abdominal tenderness may be elicited |
Back | Back examination is normal | Back examination is usually normal |
Genitourinary | Genitourinary examination is usually normal | Genitourinary examination is usually normal |
Extremities | Extremities examination is usually normal, some cases may elicit finding of decreased sensation in the extremities | Extremities examination is usually normal |
Neuromuscular | Neuromuscular examination is usually normal, | Neuromuscular examination is usually normal |