Zika virus infection pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.

Overview

Zika virus is primarily transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes are also vectors for dengue and chikungunya viruses.^[1]^[2]
Transmission of Zika virus to a fetus from an infected mother is possible but rare.
Zika virus has also been proven to be sexually transmitted between humans by Brian Foy, a biologist at Colorado State University.^[3]
There are no reports of infants acquiring Zika virus through breastfeeding.
Transmission through blood transfusion is possible as Zika virus has been identified in asymptomatic donors during an ongoing outbreak.^[2]

Mosquito-borne Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.
One study indicates that Zika virus replicates in cellular nuclei, as opposed to other flaviviruses that do so in the cytoplasm.^[4]
Zika virus can be killed by potassium permanganate, ether, temperatures >60°C, but is not effectively neutralized by 10% ethanol.^[1]

↑ ^{Jump up to: 1.0} ^1.1 Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
↑ ^{Jump up to: 2.0} ^2.1 Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on December 17, 2015
↑ Foy, B. D.; Kobylinski, K. C.; Foy, J. L. C.; Blitvich, B. J.; Travassos Da Rosa, A.; Haddow, A. D.; Lanciotti, R. S.; Tesh, R. B. (2011). "Probable Non–Vector-borne Transmission of Zika Virus, Colorado, USA". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (5): 880–882. doi:10.3201/eid1705.101939. PMC 3321795. PMID 21529401.
↑ Buckley A, Gould EA (1988). "Detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with Zika or Langat virus". J Gen Virol. 69 ( Pt 8): 1913–20. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1913. PMID 2841406.