Enterovirus 68 laboratory findings
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Laboratory findings in an echovirus 68 infection include PCR assay of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen or viral culture. Serology test have a low specificity for the diagnosis of echovirus.
Laboratory Findings
- Routine tests such as a complete blood count may not show any abnormalities.
- Leukocytosis with an increased number of lymphocytes can be observed among some patients. [1]
- Infection with non-polio enteroviruses can be confirmed by:[2]
- Isolating or identifying the virus in cell culture
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
- Non-polio enteroviruses can be detected in stool or rectal swabs and respiratory specimens (including from the throat). Depending on the symptoms other specimen types, such as cerebrospinal fluid, blister fluid, and blood, can be collected for testing.
- A nasopharyngeal swab specimen is done in patients with enterovirus 68 infection to isolate the virus.
- A positive laboratory test for non-polio enteroviruses from certain specimens, such as rectal or respiratory swab, does not necessarily mean the virus is the cause of infection. Non-polio enteroviruses can be shed for an extended period of time after the symptoms have resolved.
PCR
- Enterovirus 68 is diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.
- RT-PCR assay is conducted targeting the 5'-nontranslated region, followed by partial sequencing of the structural protein genes, VP4-VP2, VP1, or both. This gives definitive enterovirus type-specific information. [3]
Serology
- Detection of IgM levels or an increase in the IgG levels may also be performed to diagnose echovirus 68 infection, but the sensitivity is low so this test is not routinely performed. [4]
References
- ↑ Lu, Q.-B.; Wo, Y.; Wang, H.-Y.; Wei, M.-T.; Zhang, L.; Yang, H.; Liu, E.-M.; Li, T.-Y.; Zhao, Z.-T.; Liu, W.; Cao, W.-C. (2013). "Detection of enterovirus 68 as one of the commonest types of enterovirus found in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in China". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 63 (Pt_3): 408–414. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.068247-0. ISSN 0022-2615.
- ↑ "CDC Non-Polio Enterovirus Laboratory Testing".
- ↑ "Clusters of Acute Respiratory Illness Associated with Human Enterovirus 68 --- Asia, Europe, and United States, 2008--2010".
- ↑ B. Pozzetto, O. G. Gaudin, M. Aouni & A. Ros (1989). "Comparative evaluation of immunoglobulin M neutralizing antibody response in acute-phase sera and virus isolation for the routine diagnosis of enterovirus infection". Journal of clinical microbiology. 27 (4): 705–708. PMID 2542363. Unknown parameter
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