Respiratory failure medical therapy

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Respiratory failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Respiratory Failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

Electrocardiogram

CT

MRI

Echocardiography and ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy

Oxygen therapy

Mechanical ventilation

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Respiratory failure medical therapy On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Respiratory failure medical therapy

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Respiratory failure medical therapy

CDC on Respiratory failure medical therapy

Respiratory failure medical therapy in the news

Blogs on Respiratory failure medical therapy

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Respiratory failure medical therapy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

There is no treatment for respiratory failure; however, medication may be used to allow for easier intubation and to ease anxiety in the patient. Recently, studies have demonstrated a strong recommendation against the use of sedatives or analgesics. The use of these agents has been implicated in decreasing the success rates of ventilation mechanisms.

Medical Therapy

Medical therapy includes:[1][2]

  • Naloxone:
    • Naloxone is used as an antidote to opioid overdose - induced respiratory depression.
  • Flumazenil:
    • Flumazenil is used as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdose - induced respiratory depression.
  • Sedatives, activated charcoal and gastric emptying are all not recommended except in the rare case of hypercapnic respiratory failure with progressive respiratory acidosis with:
    • Anxiety
    • Rapid shallow breathing
    • Respiratory arrest
    • Moderate to severe expiratory airway resistance
    • Dynamic hyperinflation

Respiratory failure

  • 1 Opiate overdose
    • 1.1 Naloxone
      • 1.1.1 Adult
        • Preferred regimen (1): Naloxone 0.05 mg IV initially, then titrated in increasing amounts every 5 minutes with a respriatory rate of 12 or greater
      Note (1): Apneic patients with suspected opiate overdose should receive higher first doses of naloxone between 0.2 - 1 mg
      Note (2): Cardiorespiratory with suspected opiate overdose should receive a minimum of 2 mg of naloxone
  • 2 Benzodiazepine overdose
    • 2.1 Flumazenil
      • 2.1.1 Adult
          • Preferred regimen (1):Flumazenil 0.2 mg IV over 30 seconds
      Note (1): Repeated doses of 0.2 mg up to 1 mg if desired effect not achieved
      Note (2): Maximum dose of 3mg is given within any hour

References

  1. Stoica RT, Macri A (2012). "[Sedation of patients with respiratory failure in ICU]". Pneumologia (in Romanian). 61 (4): 240–4. PMID 23424950.
  2. Bourenne J, Hraiech S, Roch A, Gainnier M, Papazian L, Forel JM (July 2017). "Sedation and neuromuscular blocking agents in acute respiratory distress syndrome". Ann Transl Med. 5 (14): 291. doi:10.21037/atm.2017.07.19. PMC 5537113. PMID 28828366.

Template:WH Template:WS