Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection risk factors: Difference between revisions
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===Recent Travelers from the Arabian Peninsula=== | ===Recent Travelers from the Arabian Peninsula=== | ||
In case of development of [[fever]] and [[symptoms]] of [[respiratory distress]] such as [[cough]] or [[shortness of breath]], within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula, the individual should call ahead to a healthcare provider mentioning the recent travel. Sick patients should stay home and avoid work or school, also delaying future travels, in order to reduce the possibility of [[transmission|spreading illness]] to others. <ref name="CDC-MERS"> {{cite web | title= CDC MERS Interim Guidance for Health Professionals | url=http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/risk.html}} </ref> | |||
===Close Contacts of an Ill Traveler from the Arabian Peninsula=== | ===Close Contacts of an Ill Traveler from the Arabian Peninsula=== | ||
In case of close contact with someone who has recently traveled from a country in or near the Arabian Peninsula, and if the traveler has/had [[fever]] and [[symptoms]] of [[respiratory illness]], such as [[cough]] or [[shortness of breath]], it is mandatory monitoring of health status for 14 days, starting from the day of exposure to the ill person. | |||
In case of development of [[fever]] and [[symptoms]] of [[respiratory distress]] such as [[cough]] or [[shortness of breath]], within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula, the individual should call ahead to a healthcare provider mentioning the recent travel. Sick patients should stay home and avoid work or school, also delaying future travels, in order to reduce the possibility of [[transmission|spreading illness]] to others. <ref name="CDC-MERS"> {{cite web | title= CDC MERS Interim Guidance for Health Professionals | url=http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/risk.html}} </ref> | |||
===Close Contacts of a Confirmed or Probable Case of MERS=== | ===Close Contacts of a Confirmed or Probable Case of MERS=== | ||
In case of close contact with someone who has a probable or confirmed [[MERS-CoV]] [[infection]], the individual should contact a healthcare provider for an evaluation. The healthcare provider may request laboratory testing and outline additional recommendations, depending on the findings of the evaluation and whether or not [[symptoms]] are present. The patients will be asked to monitor his health for 14 days, starting from the day of exposure to the ill person. The following [[symptoms]] should be investigated: | |||
*[[Fever]] (100° Fahrenheit or higher). | *[[Fever]] (100° Fahrenheit or higher). temperature should be taken twice a day. | ||
*[[Cough]] | *[[Cough]] | ||
*[[Shortness of breath]] | *[[Shortness of breath]] | ||
*Other possible early [[symptoms]] include: [[chills]], body aches, [[sore throat]], [[headache]], [[diarrhea]], [[nausea]]/[[vomiting]] and [[runny nose]]. | *Other possible early [[symptoms]] include: [[chills]], body aches, [[sore throat]], [[headache]], [[diarrhea]], [[nausea]]/[[vomiting]] and [[runny nose]]. | ||
In case of [[symptom]] development, the individual's healthcare provider should be immediately warned. Before the medical appointment, the individual should call the healthcare provider | In case of [[symptom]] development, the individual's healthcare provider should be immediately warned. Before the medical appointment, the individual should call the healthcare provider in order to inform him or her about the possible exposure to [[MERS-CoV]]. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from being [[infected]].<ref name="CDC-MERS"> {{cite web | title= CDC MERS Interim Guidance for Health Professionals | url=http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/risk.html}} </ref> | ||
===Healthcare Personnel Not Using Recommended Infection-Control Precautions=== | ===Healthcare Personnel Not Using Recommended Infection-Control Precautions=== | ||
Healthcare personnel should adhere to the recommended [[infection control]] measures, including standard, contact, and airborne precautions, while managing [[symptomatic]] close contacts, patients under investigation, and patients who have probable or confirmed [[MERS-CoV]] [[infections]]. Recommended [[infection control]] precautions should also be utilized when collecting specimens. | Healthcare personnel should adhere to the recommended [[infection control]] measures, including standard, contact, and airborne precautions, while managing [[symptomatic]] close contacts, patients under investigation, and patients who have probable or confirmed [[MERS-CoV]] [[infections]]. Recommended [[infection control]] precautions should also be utilized when collecting [[Specimen|specimens]]. | ||
Healthcare personnel who has had close contact with a confirmed or probable case of [[MERS]] while ill, if recommended [[infection control]] precautions have not been used (e.g. appropriate use of personal protective equipment), are at increased risk of developing [[MERS-CoV]] [[infection]] and should be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional with a higher index of suspicion. For more information, see Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with [[Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection]] ([[MERS-CoV]]). <ref name="CDC-MERS"> {{cite web | title= CDC MERS Interim Guidance for Health Professionals | url=http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/risk.html}} </ref> | Healthcare personnel who has had close contact with a confirmed or probable case of [[MERS]] while ill, if recommended [[infection control]] precautions have not been used (e.g. appropriate use of personal protective equipment), are at increased risk of developing [[MERS-CoV]] [[infection]] and should be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional with a higher index of suspicion. For more information, see Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with [[Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection]] ([[MERS-CoV]]). <ref name="CDC-MERS"> {{cite web | title= CDC MERS Interim Guidance for Health Professionals | url=http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/risk.html}} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 16:34, 23 June 2014
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Microchapters |
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Differentiating Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection from other Diseases |
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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection risk factors On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2], Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
Some individuals have higher risk of being infected with MERS-CoV. Those who have either close contact with an infected traveler from endemic areas or who travel to endemic areas such as Arabian Peninsula, are at increased risk of contracting Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Healthcare personnel who have close contact with probable or confirmed cases without using recommended infection control precautions, are also more likely to be infected with MERS-CoV. However, according to the available data, individuals with underlying clinical conditions are more likely to contract the infection. The preexisting medical conditions that may increase the risk of infection by MERS-CoV, include: diabetes, cancer, immunodeficiencies and chronic kidney, lung and heart disease.[1]
Risk Factors
Recent Travelers from the Arabian Peninsula
In case of development of fever and symptoms of respiratory distress such as cough or shortness of breath, within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula, the individual should call ahead to a healthcare provider mentioning the recent travel. Sick patients should stay home and avoid work or school, also delaying future travels, in order to reduce the possibility of spreading illness to others. [2]
Close Contacts of an Ill Traveler from the Arabian Peninsula
In case of close contact with someone who has recently traveled from a country in or near the Arabian Peninsula, and if the traveler has/had fever and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of breath, it is mandatory monitoring of health status for 14 days, starting from the day of exposure to the ill person.
In case of development of fever and symptoms of respiratory distress such as cough or shortness of breath, within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula, the individual should call ahead to a healthcare provider mentioning the recent travel. Sick patients should stay home and avoid work or school, also delaying future travels, in order to reduce the possibility of spreading illness to others. [2]
Close Contacts of a Confirmed or Probable Case of MERS
In case of close contact with someone who has a probable or confirmed MERS-CoV infection, the individual should contact a healthcare provider for an evaluation. The healthcare provider may request laboratory testing and outline additional recommendations, depending on the findings of the evaluation and whether or not symptoms are present. The patients will be asked to monitor his health for 14 days, starting from the day of exposure to the ill person. The following symptoms should be investigated:
- Fever (100° Fahrenheit or higher). temperature should be taken twice a day.
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Other possible early symptoms include: chills, body aches, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting and runny nose.
In case of symptom development, the individual's healthcare provider should be immediately warned. Before the medical appointment, the individual should call the healthcare provider in order to inform him or her about the possible exposure to MERS-CoV. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from being infected.[2]
Healthcare Personnel Not Using Recommended Infection-Control Precautions
Healthcare personnel should adhere to the recommended infection control measures, including standard, contact, and airborne precautions, while managing symptomatic close contacts, patients under investigation, and patients who have probable or confirmed MERS-CoV infections. Recommended infection control precautions should also be utilized when collecting specimens.
Healthcare personnel who has had close contact with a confirmed or probable case of MERS while ill, if recommended infection control precautions have not been used (e.g. appropriate use of personal protective equipment), are at increased risk of developing MERS-CoV infection and should be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional with a higher index of suspicion. For more information, see Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (MERS-CoV). [2]