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<sup>†</sup> 100—200 mL boluses for cardiogenic shock | <sup>†</sup> 100—200 mL boluses for cardiogenic shock | ||
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==Complete Diagnostic Approach== | ==Complete Diagnostic Approach== | ||
Revision as of 19:50, 7 April 2014
| Sandbox/00001 Resident Survival Guide Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, MBChB. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Circulatory shock
Overview
Shock is the syndrome of circulatory failure that results in inadequate cellular oxygen utilization. The diagnosis of shock is based on clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities indicative of tissue hypoperfusion.[1]
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Shock is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.
Common Causes
- Cardiogenic shock
- Arrhythmic
- Sinoatrial block
- Atriventricular block
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Mechanical
- Hypertropic cardiomyopathy
- Valvular failure
- Ventricular septal defect
- Myocardial
- Cardiomyopathy
- Myocardial contusion
- Myocardial infarction
- Myocarditis
- Postischemic myocardial stunning
- Septic myocardial depression
- Pharmacologic
- Anthracycline cardiotoxicity
- Calcium channel blockers
- Obstructive shock
- Decreased cardiac compliance
- Cardiac tamponade
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Decreased ventricular preload
- Intrathoracic obstructive tumors
- Mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- Tension pneumothorax
- Vena cava obstruction
- Increased ventricular afterload
- Aortic dissection
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Hypovolemic shock
- Fluid depletion
- Dehydration
- Diarrhea
- Polyuria
- Vomiting
- Hemorrhage
- Gastrointenstinal bleeding
- Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
- Trauma
- Distributive shock
- Sepsis
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction
- Neurogenic
- Endocrinologic
Click here for the complete list of causes.
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) as shown below should be performed to identify patients in need of immediate intervention.
Boxes in red signify that an urgent management is needed.
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts
References