Esophagitis: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
* The most common cause is [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] ([[GERD]]). If caused by [[GERD]], the diseases is also called '''[[reflux esophagitis]]'''. | |||
* Other causes of [[esophagitis]] include infections (most commonly [[Candida (genus)|candida]], [[herpes simplex]] and [[cytomegalovirus]]). These infections are typically seen in [[immunocompromised]] people, such as those with [[HIV]]. | |||
* [[Food allergy|Food allergies]] have also been known to cause [[esophagitis]] | |||
* Chemical injury by [[alkaline]] or [[acid]] solutions may also cause [[esophagitis]], and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt [[suicide]]. | |||
* Physical injury resulting from [[radiation therapy]] or by [[nasogastric tube]]s may also be responsible. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
=== Common Causes === | === Common Causes === | ||
* | *[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] | ||
===Casues in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] | |||
* [[GERD]]) | |||
* [[Reflux esophagitis]] | |||
* Other causes of [[esophagitis]] include infections (most commonly [[Candida (genus)|candida]], [[herpes simplex]] and [[cytomegalovirus]]). These infections are typically seen in [[immunocompromised]] people, such as those with [[HIV]]. | * Other causes of [[esophagitis]] include infections (most commonly [[Candida (genus)|candida]], [[herpes simplex]] and [[cytomegalovirus]]). These infections are typically seen in [[immunocompromised]] people, such as those with [[HIV]]. | ||
* [[Food allergy|Food allergies]] have also been known to cause [[esophagitis]] | * [[Food allergy|Food allergies]] have also been known to cause [[esophagitis]] | ||
Revision as of 14:17, 29 July 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Soumya Sachdeva
Synonyms and keywords: Oesophagitis
Overview
Esophagitis is defined as inflammation of the esophagus. The inflammation can be due to a variety of causes such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, viruses, or chemical injuries.
Pathophysiology
- The most common cause is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If caused by GERD, the diseases is also called reflux esophagitis.
- Other causes of esophagitis include infections (most commonly candida, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus). These infections are typically seen in immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV.
- Food allergies have also been known to cause esophagitis
- Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions may also cause esophagitis, and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt suicide.
- Physical injury resulting from radiation therapy or by nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
Causes
Common Causes
Casues in Alphabetical Order
- Other causes of esophagitis include infections (most commonly candida, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus). These infections are typically seen in immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV.
- Food allergies have also been known to cause esophagitis
- Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions may also cause esophagitis, and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt suicide.
- Physical injury resulting from radiation therapy or by nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
The symptoms of esophagitis include:
- Chest pain, in the middle of the chest, often radiating to the back, usually associated with swallowing or soon after a meal
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Sore throat or hoarseness
- Mouth sores
- Difficulty swallowing and/or painful swallowing, especially if there is a feeling of food getting stuck on the way down
- Bad breath (halitosis)
Symptoms of underlying diseases include:
Complete Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
- Bacterial infection
- Candida
- Caustic burn
- Crohn's Disease
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Drugs, toxins
- Fungal infection
- Gastric tube
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Gastroscopy
- Hernias
- Herpes
- Metastasis
- Radiation
- Surgery
- Tumor
- Vomiting
Diagnostic Findings
X-ray Findings
(Images shown below are courtesy of RadsWiki)
Endoscopic Findings
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Candida esophagitis -
NSAID esophagitis -
Peptic esophagitis
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Herpetic esophagitis -
Caustic lye esophagitis
Pathological Findings
Gross Images
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Esophagus: Candida: Gross natural color close up of distal esophagus mucosa, an excellent example of candida esophagitis -
Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color close-up, an excellent example
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Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color excellent close-up photo case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia -
Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
Microscopic Images
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Herpes esophagitis 100 x -
Herpes esophagitis 400 x -
Herpes esophagitis 600 x
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Reflux esophagitis 100 x -
Reflux esophagitis 400 x -
Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
Histopathological Findings: Herpes esophagitis
<youtube v=bJME-CJvHfs/>
References
{{Gastroenterology}