Acute liver failure (patient information)

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How do I know if I have acute liver failure and what are the symptoms of acute liver failure?

The initial symptoms of liver failure are difficult to diagnose because they can be due to any conditions. However, as liver failure progresses, the symptoms become more serious. Signs and symptoms of acute liver failure may include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Jaundice
• Bleeding easily
• Swollen abdomen
• Disorientation or confusion
• Sleepiness, even coma

Who is at risk for acute liver failure?

• Drug-related hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen and idiosyncratic drug reactions is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States.

• Acetaminophen
• Antibiotics: ampicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, isoniazid, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline.
• Antivirals: Fialuridine
• Antidepressants: Amitriptyline, nortriptyline
• Antidiabetics: Troglitazone
• Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, valproate
• Anesthetic agents: Halothane
• Lipid-lowering medications: Atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin
• Immunosuppressive agents: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
• Salicylates (Reye syndrome)
• Oral hypoglycemic agents: Troglitazone
• Others: Disulfiram, flutamide, gold, propylthiouracil

• Viruses infectious diseases

• Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis D virus, or Hepatitis E virus.
• Other atypical viruses can cause viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure, including cytomegalovirus, hemorrhagic fever viruses, herpes simplex virus, paramyxovirus and Epstein-Barr virus.

• Vascular diseases

• Ischemic hepatitis
• Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome)
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
• Portal vein thrombosis

• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
• HELLP syndrome

Where to find medical care for acute liver failure?

Directions to Hospitals Treating acute liver failure

Copyleft Sources

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-overview

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/liver-failure/DS00961

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-liver-failure

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