Acute kidney failure resident survival guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Acute Renal Failure is an abrupt reduction in kidney function defined as at-least one of the following:

1. an absolute increase in the serum levels of creatinine of 26.4 μmol/L(0.3mg/dl) or more;

2. a percentage increase in the serum levels of creatinine of more than 50%(1.5 fold increase from baseline); or

3. a reduction in volume of urine output(oliguria <0.5 ml/kg hourly for >6 hours.

Acute renal failure is increasingly common, particularly in elderly population, hospital inpatients, and critically ill patients and it carries a high mortality. The most common cause of in-hospital acute renal failure in acute tubular necrosis resulting from multiple nephrotoxic insults such as sepsis, hypotension, and use of nephrotoxic drugs or radio-contrast media. Patients at risk include elderly people, diabetics, patients with hypertension or vascular disease, and those pre-existing renal impairment.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Life threatening cause 1
• Life threatening cause 2
• Life threatening cause 3

Common Causes

• [[pre renal hypoperfusion that lead to acute tubular necrosis]]
• [[post operative acute tubular necrosis]]
• [[hospital acquired radiocontrast nephropathy]]
• Common cause 4
• Common cause 5

Diagnosis

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

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References

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