Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is classified into four subtypes based on the location of [[pulmonary]] venous drainage. These subtypes include, supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. Supracardiac (type I) is the most common form. [[Pulmonary]] venous obstruction is | Total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is classified into four subtypes based on the location of [[pulmonary]] venous drainage. These subtypes include, supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. Supracardiac (type I) is the most common form. [[Pulmonary]] venous obstruction is usually seen in infracardiac subtype though. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:<ref name="AlamHamidi2016">{{cite journal|last1=Alam|first1=Tariq|last2=Hamidi|first2=Hidayatullah|last3=Hoshang|first3=Mer Mahmood Shah|title=Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=11|issue=3|year=2016|pages=134–137|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.005}}</ref><ref name="HinesHammon2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hines|first1=Michael H.|last2=Hammon|first2=John W.|title=Anatomy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection|journal=Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2001|pages=2–7|issn=15222942|doi=10.1053/otct.2001.22696}}</ref> | A common [[classification]] system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:<ref name="AlamHamidi2016">{{cite journal|last1=Alam|first1=Tariq|last2=Hamidi|first2=Hidayatullah|last3=Hoshang|first3=Mer Mahmood Shah|title=Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=11|issue=3|year=2016|pages=134–137|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.005}}</ref><ref name="HinesHammon2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hines|first1=Michael H.|last2=Hammon|first2=John W.|title=Anatomy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection|journal=Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2001|pages=2–7|issn=15222942|doi=10.1053/otct.2001.22696}}</ref> | ||
* Supracardiac (type I) (approximately 50%): [[pulmonary veins]] form a transverse confluence just behind small [[left atrium]]. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the [[right atrium]]. | * Supracardiac (type I) (approximately 50%): [[pulmonary veins]] form a transverse confluence just behind small [[left atrium]]. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left [[innominate vein]], finally flows into the [[right atrium]]. | ||
* [[Cardiac]] (type II) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains into the [[coronary]] | * [[Cardiac]] (type II) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains into the [[coronary sinus]] or rarely the individual [[pulmonary veins]] connect directly into the [[right atrium]]. There is no connection between [[pulmonary veins]] and [[left atrium]] though.<ref name="SinghSingh2013">{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=N.|last2=Singh|first2=R.|last3=Aga|first3=P.|last4=Singh|first4=S. K.|title=Cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis and demonstration by multidetector CT angiography|journal=Case Reports|volume=2013|issue=jan03 1|year=2013|pages=bcr2012007994–bcr2012007994|issn=1757-790X|doi=10.1136/bcr-2012-007994}}</ref> | ||
* Infracardiac (type III) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains through the [[diaphragm]] into the [[portal vein]] or [[ductus venosus]] via a descending vertical vein | * Infracardiac (type III) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains through the [[diaphragm]] into the [[portal vein]] or [[ductus venosus]] via a descending vertical vein | ||
* Mixed (type IV): the right and left [[pulmonary veins]] may have different | * Mixed (type IV): the right and left [[pulmonary veins]] may have different drainage. Any combination of drainage is possible and it may occur into [[superior vena cava]], [[innominate veins]], [[coronary sinus]], [[right atrium]], [[azygous vein]], or infra diaphragmatic veins. | ||
===Image=== | ===Image=== | ||
[[File:Total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-illustration.png|thumb|center|500px|<ref> Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911</ref>]] | [[File:Total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-illustration.png|thumb|center|500px|<ref> Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911</ref>]] | ||
Revision as of 21:26, 27 February 2020
|
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification |
|
FDA on Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification |
|
CDC on Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification |
|
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification in the news |
|
Blogs on Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is classified into four subtypes based on the location of pulmonary venous drainage. These subtypes include, supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. Supracardiac (type I) is the most common form. Pulmonary venous obstruction is usually seen in infracardiac subtype though.
Classification
A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:[1][2]
- Supracardiac (type I) (approximately 50%): pulmonary veins form a transverse confluence just behind small left atrium. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the right atrium.
- Cardiac (type II) (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein drains into the coronary sinus or rarely the individual pulmonary veins connect directly into the right atrium. There is no connection between pulmonary veins and left atrium though.[3]
- Infracardiac (type III) (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein drains through the diaphragm into the portal vein or ductus venosus via a descending vertical vein
- Mixed (type IV): the right and left pulmonary veins may have different drainage. Any combination of drainage is possible and it may occur into superior vena cava, innominate veins, coronary sinus, right atrium, azygous vein, or infra diaphragmatic veins.
Image
Another system classifies TAPVC into two types depending on the obstruction of pulmonary veins.
- Pulmonary vein obstruction occurs more commonly in type III.
References
- ↑ Alam, Tariq; Hamidi, Hidayatullah; Hoshang, Mer Mahmood Shah (2016). "Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant". Radiology Case Reports. 11 (3): 134–137. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.005. ISSN 1930-0433.
- ↑ Hines, Michael H.; Hammon, John W. (2001). "Anatomy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection". Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 6 (1): 2–7. doi:10.1053/otct.2001.22696. ISSN 1522-2942.
- ↑ Singh, N.; Singh, R.; Aga, P.; Singh, S. K. (2013). "Cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis and demonstration by multidetector CT angiography". Case Reports. 2013 (jan03 1): bcr2012007994–bcr2012007994. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007994. ISSN 1757-790X.
- ↑ Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911