Appendix cancer epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
*Epidemiology of appendix cancer should be discussed with respect to the major histological characteristics of tumors. | *Epidemiology of appendix cancer should be discussed with respect to the major histological characteristics of the tumors. | ||
*Prevalence, risk factors, age distribution as well as prognosis are different in two major types of apendiceal cancers.<ref name="WHO">Chapter 5: Tumours of the Appendix - IARC. https://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb2/bb2-chap5.pdf Accessed on January 15, 2019</ref> | *Prevalence, risk factors, age distribution as well as prognosis are different in the two major types of apendiceal cancers.<ref name="WHO">Chapter 5: Tumours of the Appendix - IARC. https://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb2/bb2-chap5.pdf Accessed on January 15, 2019</ref> | ||
* According to the [https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/ SEER database], adenocarcinoma accounted for 58% of appendiceal tumors. <ref name="pmid8000994">{{cite journal| author=Thomas RM, Sobin LH| title=Gastrointestinal cancer. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= 154-70 | pmid=8000994 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8000994 }} </ref> | * According to the [https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/ SEER database], adenocarcinoma accounted for 58% of appendiceal tumors. <ref name="pmid8000994">{{cite journal| author=Thomas RM, Sobin LH| title=Gastrointestinal cancer. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= 154-70 | pmid=8000994 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8000994 }} </ref> | ||
* Carcinoid tumors comprise 50-77% of appendiceal malignancies.<ref name="pmid464679">{{cite journal| author=Syracuse DC, Perzin KH, Price JB, Wiedel PD, Mesa-Tejada R| title=Carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Mesoappendiceal extension and nodal metastases. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1979 | volume= 190 | issue= 1 | pages= 58-63 | pmid=464679 | doi= | pmc=1344458 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=464679 }} </ref> | * Carcinoid tumors comprise 50-77% of appendiceal malignancies.<ref name="pmid464679">{{cite journal| author=Syracuse DC, Perzin KH, Price JB, Wiedel PD, Mesa-Tejada R| title=Carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Mesoappendiceal extension and nodal metastases. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1979 | volume= 190 | issue= 1 | pages= 58-63 | pmid=464679 | doi= | pmc=1344458 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=464679 }} </ref> | ||
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===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*Appendiceal neoplasms account for approximately 0.4% of gastrointestinal tumors. | *Appendiceal neoplasms account for approximately 0.4% of gastrointestinal tumors.<ref name="pmid8000994" /> | ||
* The estimated prevalence of appendix cancer is approximately 0.12 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid22302267">{{cite journal |vauthors=Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T |title=Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1379–85 |year=2012 |pmid=22302267 |doi=10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1 |url=}}</ref> | * The estimated prevalence of appendix cancer is approximately 0.12 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid22302267">{{cite journal |vauthors=Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T |title=Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1379–85 |year=2012 |pmid=22302267 |doi=10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The estimated prevalence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is 0.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide;<ref name="pmid22302267">{{cite journal |vauthors=Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T |title=Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1379–85 |year=2012 |pmid=22302267 |doi=10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1 |url=}}</ref> | * The estimated prevalence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is 0.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide;<ref name="pmid22302267">{{cite journal |vauthors=Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T |title=Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1379–85 |year=2012 |pmid=22302267 |doi=10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:42, 16 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Epidemiology of appendix cancer should be discussed with respect to the major histological characteristics of the tumors.
- Prevalence, risk factors, age distribution as well as prognosis are different in the two major types of apendiceal cancers.[1]
- According to the SEER database, adenocarcinoma accounted for 58% of appendiceal tumors. [2]
- Carcinoid tumors comprise 50-77% of appendiceal malignancies.[3]
Incidence
- The incidence of carcinoid tumor of appendix is approximately 0.075 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[4]
- The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is approximately 0.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[5]
Prevalence
- Appendiceal neoplasms account for approximately 0.4% of gastrointestinal tumors.[2]
- The estimated prevalence of appendix cancer is approximately 0.12 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[6]
- The estimated prevalence of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is 0.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide;[6]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
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- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
- ???????????there are for acute diseases generally????
- The 5-year survival
- Appendiceal carcinoid tumors
- 94% localized disease
- 85% regional disease
- 34% distant metastases
- goblet cell 12.5%
- Tubular tumors are benign clinically
- Adenocarcinoma
- localized 95%
- Distant metastasis 0%
- Mucinous
- localized 80%
- Distant metastasis 51%
- Poor prognostic factors for adenocarcinoma are as follows:
- Advanced stage
- High grade
- Nonmucinous histology
- Spread of the tumor beyond the left lower quadrant
- Presence of malignant cells outside of the visceral peritoneum of the appendix
Age
- The incidence of apendix cancer increases with age; meanwhile, patients with carcinoid tumors are generally younger than their adenocarcinoma counterparts.
- The median age at diagnosis is 65 years for adenocarcinoma, compared to t 32-43 years (range, 6 to 80 years) for carcinoid tumors.[7][4]
- The patients with Tubular carcinoids are significantly younger than the patients with goblet cell carcinoids.[8]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to appendiceal cancers.[1]
Gender
- Generally appendiceal cancers affects men and women equally.
- While in adenocarcinoma there is a male dominant pattern of prevalence, females are more commonly affected by appendiceal carcinoids than men; [4][5]This might be because of high incidental appendicectomies in women. Nevertheless, in the SEER database, the male to female ratio is approximately 1 to 1.[1][7][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chapter 5: Tumours of the Appendix - IARC. https://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb2/bb2-chap5.pdf Accessed on January 15, 2019
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thomas RM, Sobin LH (1995). "Gastrointestinal cancer". Cancer. 75 (1 Suppl): 154–70. PMID 8000994.
- ↑ Syracuse DC, Perzin KH, Price JB, Wiedel PD, Mesa-Tejada R (1979). "Carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Mesoappendiceal extension and nodal metastases". Ann Surg. 190 (1): 58–63. PMC 1344458. PMID 464679.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Modlin IM, Sandor A (1997). "An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors". Cancer. 79 (4): 813–29. PMID 9024720.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Deans GT, Spence RA (1995). "Neoplastic lesions of the appendix". Br J Surg. 82 (3): 299–306. PMID 7795991.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Turaga KK, Pappas SG, Gamblin T (2012). "Importance of histologic subtype in the staging of appendiceal tumors". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 19 (5): 1379–85. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1. PMID 22302267.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Carr NJ, McCarthy WF, Sobin LH (1995). "Epithelial noncarcinoid tumors and tumor-like lesions of the appendix. A clinicopathologic study of 184 patients with a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors". Cancer. 75 (3): 757–68. PMID 7828125.
- ↑ Burke AP, Sobin LH, Federspiel BH, Shekitka KM, Helwig EB (1990). "Goblet cell carcinoids and related tumors of the vermiform appendix". Am J Clin Pathol. 94 (1): 27–35. PMID 2163192.