Scoliosis causes: Difference between revisions

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* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
===Life-threatening Causes===
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*There are no life-threatening causes of scoliosis, however complications resulting from untreated scoliosis is common.


=== Common causes ===
=== Common causes ===
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*[[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
*[[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
*Unilateral bar
*Unilateral bar
*[[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]]<br />
*[[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]]


=== Genetic Causes ===
=== Genetic Causes ===
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Dwarfism]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Dwarfism]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Appendicitis]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Appendicitis]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chondrodysplasia]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Fredrick's Ataxia]], [[Marfan's Syndrome]], [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]],   
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chondrodysplasia]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Fredrick's Ataxia]], [[Marfan's Syndrome]], [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], Unilateral bar and [[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]].  
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Postoperative
| bgcolor="Beige" | Postoperative.
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Brucella]] infection of the spine, [[Polyomyelitis]], [[Salmonella infection]] of the spine, [[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Brucella]] infection of the spine, [[Polyomyelitis]], [[Salmonella infection]] of the spine and [[Tuberculosis]] of the spine.
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Local inflammation, Leg length discrepancy, Muscle spasm, Amyoplasia congenita, [[Arthrogryposis]], [[Bechterew's Disease]], [[Benign tumors]], [[Brucella]] infection of the spine, [[Cerebral Palsy]], [[Chondrodysplasia]], [[Dislocation]], [[Dwarfism]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], Hemivertebra, [[Malignant tumors]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]], [[Osteomalacia]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Rheumatic disease]] of the spine, [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Rickets]], [[Salmonella infection]] of the spine, [[Scheuermann's disease]], [[Spinal cord trauma]], [[Spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Still's Disease]], [[Tuberculosis]] of the spine.
| bgcolor="Beige" | Local [[inflammation]], Leg length discrepancy, [[Muscle spasm]], Amyoplasia congenita, [[Arthrogryposis]], [[Bechterew's Disease]], [[Benign tumors]], [[Brucella]] infection of the spine, [[Cerebral Palsy]], [[Chondrodysplasia]], [[Dislocation]], [[Dwarfism]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], Hemivertebra, [[Malignant tumors]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]], [[Osteomalacia]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Rheumatic disease]] of the spine, [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Rickets]], [[Salmonella infection]] of the spine, [[Scheuermann's disease]], [[Spinal cord trauma]], [[Spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Still's Disease]], [[Tuberculosis]] of the spine and Unilateral bar.
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cerebral Palsy]], [[Fredrick's Ataxia]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Polyomyelitis]], [[Scheuermann's disease]], [[Spinal cord trauma]], [[Spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Syringomyelia]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cerebral Palsy]], [[Fredrick's Ataxia]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Polyomyelitis]], [[Scheuermann's disease]], [[Spinal cord trauma]], [[Spinal muscular atrophy]] and [[Syringomyelia]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Homocystinuria]], [[Morquio's Disease]], [[Osteomalacia]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Rickets]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Homocystinuria]], [[Morquio's Disease]], [[Osteomalacia]], [[Osteoporosis]] and [[Rickets]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Benign tumors]], [[Irradiation]], [[Malignant tumors]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Benign tumors]], [[Irradiation]] and [[Malignant tumors]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Bechterew's Disease]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Rheumatic disease]] of the spine, [[Still's Disease]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Bechterew's Disease]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Rheumatic disease]] of the spine and [[Still's Disease]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Spinal cord trauma]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Spinal cord trauma]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Irradiation]], Postoperative  
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Irradiation]] and Postoperative.
|-
|-
|}
|}
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List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* [[Appendicitis]]
* Cause 2
* Amyoplasia congenita
* Cause 3
*[[Arthrogryposis]]
* Cause 4
*[[Bechterew's Disease]]
* Cause 5
*[[Benign tumors]]
* Cause 6
*[[Brucella]] infection of the spine
* Cause 7
*[[Cerebral Palsy]]
* Cause 8
*[[Chondrodysplasia]]
* Cause 9
*[[Dislocation]]
* Cause 10
*[[Dwarfism]]
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
*[[Fredrick's Ataxia]]
*Hemivertebra
*[[Homocystinuria]]
*Idiopathic
*[[Irradiation]]
*Leg length discrepancy
*Local [[inflammation]]
*[[Malignant tumors]]
*[[Marfan's Syndrome]]
*[[Morquio's Disease]]
*[[Muscle spasms]]
*[[Muscular Dystrophy]]
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
*[[Osteomalacia]]
*[[Osteoporosis]]
*[[Polyomyelitis]]
*Postoperative
*[[Rheumatic disease]] of the spine
*[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
*[[Rickets]]
*[[Salmonella infection]] of the spine
*[[Scheuermann's disease]]
*[[Spinal cord trauma]]
*[[Spinal muscular atrophy]]
*[[Still's Disease]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
*Unilateral bar
*[[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]]
</div>
</div>


Revision as of 20:10, 29 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.

Causes

There are three general causes of scoliosis:

  • Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.[1][2]
  • Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.[3]
  • Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.[4]

Life-threatening Causes

  • There are no life-threatening causes of scoliosis, however complications resulting from untreated scoliosis is common.

Common causes

Common causes of scoliosis include:[4]

  • Idiopathic

Less Common Causes

Less Common causes of scoliosis can be divided into:[3][4]

Nonstructural scoliosis

Structural scoliosis

Genetic Causes

  • Scoliosis may be caused by a mutations in the Mendelian gene, including:
    • CHD7 gene
    • PAX1 gene

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Dwarfism.
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Appendicitis.
Genetic Chondrodysplasia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Fredrick's Ataxia, Marfan's Syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Unilateral bar and VonRecklinghausen's Disease.
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Postoperative.
Infectious Disease Brucella infection of the spine, Polyomyelitis, Salmonella infection of the spine and Tuberculosis of the spine.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Local inflammation, Leg length discrepancy, Muscle spasm, Amyoplasia congenita, Arthrogryposis, Bechterew's Disease, Benign tumors, Brucella infection of the spine, Cerebral Palsy, Chondrodysplasia, Dislocation, Dwarfism, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hemivertebra, Malignant tumors, Muscular Dystrophy, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, Rheumatic disease of the spine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rickets, Salmonella infection of the spine, Scheuermann's disease, Spinal cord trauma, Spinal muscular atrophy, Still's Disease, Tuberculosis of the spine and Unilateral bar.
Neurologic Cerebral Palsy, Fredrick's Ataxia, Muscular Dystrophy, Polyomyelitis, Scheuermann's disease, Spinal cord trauma, Spinal muscular atrophy and Syringomyelia.
Nutritional/Metabolic Homocystinuria, Morquio's Disease, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis and Rickets.
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Benign tumors, Irradiation and Malignant tumors.
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Bechterew's Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatic disease of the spine and Still's Disease.
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Spinal cord trauma.
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Irradiation and Postoperative.

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:


References

  1. ↑ Winter RB, Moe JH (1960,Jan 01). "Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 50 (1): 1-15. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCarthy, Richard E. (1999). "MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS". Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1. ISSN 0030-5898.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

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