Sandbox: wdx causes: Difference between revisions

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==Differentiating Pancytopenia from Other Diseases==
==Differentiating Leukocytosis from Other Diseases==
* There are no other mimickers of pancytopenia, as the diagnosis can be unequivocally established by laboratory testing ([[complete blood count]]).
* There are no other mimickers of pancytopenia, as the diagnosis can be unequivocally established by laboratory testing ([[complete blood count]]).


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! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow infiltration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow failure
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Primary
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Destruction/
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Secondary
sequestration/
redistribution
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hematologic disorders
!
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome (patient information)|Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
|LAD
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
!
* [[Bone marrow]] infiltration
!
* Ineffective [[hematopoiesis]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Elderly
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Exposure to
!
* [[Chemotherapy]]
!
* [[Radiation therapy]]
!
* [[Tobacco smoking|Tobacco smoke]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
!
* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
* [[Purpura]]
!
* Diffuse erythematous rash
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
!
* [[Shortness of breath]]
!
* [[Fatigue]]
!
* [[Pallor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Ovalomacrocytosis
*Basophilic stippling
*[[Howell-Jolly body]]
*Dysplastic [[Neutrophil|neutrophils]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Impaired [[myeloid]] maturation
*[[Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia|Dyserythropoiesis]]
*Dysgranulopoiesis
*Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis
*Hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
*[[Fibrosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Bone marrow examination]] + clinical manifestation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Might transformed to [[acute leukemia]]
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Malignancies such as:
! rowspan="6" |Hematologic
* [[Acute leukemia]]
|Hereditary neutrophilia
* [[Chronic leukemia]]
!
* [[Multiple myeloma]]
!
* [[Metastasis|Metastatic cancer]]
!
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Bone marrow]] infiltration
!
* Ineffective [[hematopoiesis]]
!
* Immune mediated
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any, more in adults
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Exposure to chemicals
!
*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
!
*Pre-existent blood disorders
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Muscle weakness|Weakness]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Blast cells
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bone marrow examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
*[[Infection]]
*[[CNS]] involvement
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Myelofibrosis]]
|Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Bone marrow infiltration
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Average 60 years old
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Exposure to chemicals
!
*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
!
*Pre-existent blood disorders
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Pallor]]
!
* Major weight loss
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Muscle weakness|Weakness]]
!
*[[Fatigue]]
!
* [[Dyspnea|Shortness of breath]]
!
* [[Headache]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Pancytopenia]]
 
*Hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
*[[Fibrosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bone marrow examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Cardiac arrhythmia|Arrhythmia]]
* [[Infection]]
* [[Seizure]]
* May progress to malignancy
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fanconi anemia]]
|CML
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Genetic defect
!
* Bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare  [[autosomal recessive]] genetic disorder, higher in Ashkenazi Jews and Afrikaners in South Africa
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Family history of [[Fanconi anemia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Short stature
!
* Petechiae and bruises
!
* Pallor
!
* Skin discoloration
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Skeletal defects
!
* Deafness
!
* VSD
!
* Kidney abnormalities
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Pancytopenia]]
 
*Hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic studies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Progress to [[Acute myeloid leukemia|acute myelogenous leukemia]]
* [[Neoplasm|Solid tumors]]
* [[Developmental abnormality|Developmental abnormalities]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
|Polycythemia Vera
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow infiltration
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow failure
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Destruction/
!
sequestration/
!
redistribution
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Aplastic anemia]]
|Hemolytic anemia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Marrow stimulation
*Unknown
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Biphasic (the young and the elderly)
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Exposure to [[Radiation (medicine)|radiation]], drugs and chemicals, [[pregnancy]], [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|PNH]] and viral or [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] causes
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Pallor]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Shortness of breath]]
!
*[[Fatigue]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Large [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
!
*Low [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[Granulocyte|granulocytes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
*replacement of [[bone marrow]] by [[fat]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Bone marrow examination]] +
laboratory findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Fanconi anemia|Fanconi Anemia]]
*[[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome|Schwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Preleukemia]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
|Immature thrombocytopenia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Marrow stimulation
*Deficiency of [[complement]] regulatory proteins
!
 
!
*Mutations
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
!
(usually younger adults)
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Sudden [[nocturnal]] [[hemoglobinuria]] with partial clearing during the day
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Normal
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Thrombosis]]
!
*Smooth muscle [[dystonia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Cellular [[Bone marrow|marrow]]
*[[Erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]]
*[[dyserythropoiesis]]
 
*Hypocellular marrow in certain stages of the disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Flow cytometry]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Consumption
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Infection]]
* [[Physical trauma|Trauma]]
* [[Obstetrics]] complications
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Shock]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Acutely ill
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Shortness of breath]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Chest pain]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Lab findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* High mortality rate
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Dyskeratosis congenital/telomere biology disorders
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Aberrant telomere biology
* Germline mutations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare genetic disorder
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Family history
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Isolated congenital nail dysplasia|Nail dysplasia]]
* Abnormal skin pigmentation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Leukoplakia|Oral leukoplakia]]
* [[Shortness of breath]]
*[[Fatigue]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical findings + genetic studies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Progress to [[Cancer|malignancy]]
* [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|Pulmonary fibrosis]]
* [[Hepato-biliary diseases|Liver disease]]
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Germline mutations
* Bone marrow failure
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare genetic disorder
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Family history
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Skeletal abnormalities
* [[Short stature]]
* [[Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness|Metaphyseal dysostosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Steatorrhea]]
* [[Delayed milestone|Growth retardation]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical findings + genetic studies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Pancreatic insufficiency|Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]]
* [[Delayed milestone|Growth retardation]]
* Increased frequency of [[Infection|infections]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunology/
! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunology/
Line 500: Line 264:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[SLE]]
|RA
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Immune mediated bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |More in young females
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Family history
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Rash|Skin rash]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Weight loss]]
!
* [[Oral ulcer|Mouth ulcers]]
!
* [[Chest pain]]
!
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
*[[Pancytopenia]]
!JRA
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Hemoglobinuria]]
!
*[[Proteinuria]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical findings + laboratory studies
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Multi organ damage
!
* Poor prognosis
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
!IBD
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Felty's syndrome|Felty syndrome]]
|Chronic hepatitis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Immune mediated bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare [[autoimmune disease]], more in females 50-70 years old
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* History of [[rheumatoid arthritis]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Pallor]]
!
* [[Hyperpigmentation|Skin hyperpigmentation]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Painful, stiff, and swollen [[Joint|joints]]
!
* [[Keratoconjunctivitis sicca]]
!
* [[Weight loss]]
!
* [[Fatigue]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical findings + laboratory studies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[Infection|Infections]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome|Wiskott Aldrich syndrome]]
|Acute Gout
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Mutation in [[GATA1|GATA-1]]
!
* Immune mediated bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare [[Sex-linked|X-linked]] [[Recessive gene|recessive]] disease
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Immunodeficiency]]
!
* Positive family history
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Eczema]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Dysentery|Bloody diarrhea]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
*Small but low [[Platelet|platelets]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Recurrent [[Infection|infections]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disorders]]
*[[Cancer|Malignancy]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[GATA2]] deficiency
! rowspan="4" |'''Metabolic'''
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Diabetic coma
* Immune mediated bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Immunodeficiency]]
!
* Positive family history
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Purpura]]
!
*[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Recurrent [[Infection|infections]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disorders]]
*[[Cancer|Malignancy]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]
|Acidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Immune mediated bone marrow failure
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Immunodeficiency]]
!
* Positive family history
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Purpura]]
!
*[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Recurrent [[Infection|infections]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disorders]]
*[[Cancer|Malignancy]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |GI disorders
|Thyroid strom
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Portal hypertension]]/[[cirrhosis]]
!
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Splenomegally
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Cirrhosis]]
!
*[[Alcoholism|Alcohol use]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Purpura]]
!
*[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Portal vein thrombosis]]
*[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
*Variceal hemorrhage
*Hepatic [[hydrothorax]]
*[[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Glycogen storage disease|Storage diseases]] (eg, [[Gaucher's disease|Gaucher]])
!Seizures
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Splenomegaly
!
* Bone marrow infiltration
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare in children
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Family history
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* [[Rash|Skin rash]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infections
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infections
Line 798: Line 538:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sepsis]]
!Acute
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Direct [[bone marrow suppression]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Infection|Bacterial infection]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Petechiae]]
!
*[[Purpura]]
!
*[[Erythema]]
!
*[[Ulcer|Ulceration]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Malaise]]
!
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/↑
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/↑
|-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Chronic
*[[Pancytopenia]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
Depends on the etiology
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + culture
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Associated with ↑ mortality
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Viral infection]] such as [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]], [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus]]
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Medications
! align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Steriod
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Marrow suppression
* Splenomegaly
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*High risk behaviors
*Close contact
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Petechiae]]
*[[Purpura]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Muscle weakness]]
*[[Joint swelling]]
*Focal neurological deficits
*Depends on etiology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hematuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + lab tests
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Depends on etiology
*[[Encephalomyelitis]]
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nutritional
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Megaloblastic anemia]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Ineffective hematopoiesis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Malnutrition
*Alcohol use
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Weakness]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Excessive [[alcohol]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Ineffective hematopoiesis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Alcoholism
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*History of [[Alcoholism|alcohol use]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hepatomegaly]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Other nutritional deficiency such as [[copper deficiency]], [[zinc]] toxicity
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Ineffective hematopoiesis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Malnutrition
*Alcohol use
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Weakness]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Malnutrition]]
!Lithium
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Ineffective hematopoiesis
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*Malnutrition
!
*Alcohol use
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Normal
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Fatigue]]
!
*[[Weakness]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Medications
|Beta agonists
! align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Medications such as:
!
* [[Chemotherapy|Cytotoxic drugs]]
!
* Idiosyncratic reactions to medications
!
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
* Immune destruction
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Patients with [[Cancer|malignancy]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
!
*[[Cancer]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!
*[[Purpura]]
!
*[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
!
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Pancytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
*Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Thrombosis]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
!Cytokines
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow infiltration
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow failure
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Destruction/
!
sequestration/
!
redistribution
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
!
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|}
<references />
 
*Leukocytosis is defined as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 11,000 per mm3 (11.0 × 109 per L).
*The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia.
**Neutrophilia can be defined as an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3 [7.0 × 109 per L].
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Differentiating Symptoms
!Differentiating physical exam findings
!Differentiating Labs
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Physiological variation'''  
| rowspan="4" |Other
| colspan="2" |Birth
|'''Post splenectomy'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Adult
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Pregnancy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''Primary'''
| rowspan="4" |'''Congenital'''
|Heridatary neutrophilia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia
|
|
|
|
Line 1,133: Line 733:
|
|
|
|
|-
|LAD
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Acquired'''
|CML
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Polycythemia Vera
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="18" |'''Secondary'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Infection'''
|Acute
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Chronic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Connective tissue disorders'''
|Birth
|RA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|JRA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|IBD
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chronic hepatitis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Drug induced'''
|Steriod
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Lithium
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Beta agonists
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Cytokines
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Marrow stimulation'''
!Pregnancy
|Hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Immature thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Post splenectomy'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Metabolic'''
|Diabetic coma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Acidosis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Thyroid strom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Acute Gout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Seizures
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow infiltration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow failure
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Destruction/
sequestration/
redistribution
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|}
|}
<references />
*Leukocytosis is defined as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 11,000 per mm3 (11.0 × 109 per L).
*The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia.
**Neutrophilia can be defined as an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3 [7.0 × 109 per L].

Revision as of 16:46, 13 September 2018

Differentiating Leukocytosis from Other Diseases

  • There are no other mimickers of pancytopenia, as the diagnosis can be unequivocally established by laboratory testing (complete blood count).
Category Condition Etiology Mechanism Congenital Acquried Clinical manifestations Para−clinical findings Gold standard Associated findings
Demography History Symptoms Signs
Lab Findings
Appearance Fever Bleeding BP Splenomegaly Jaundice Other CBC PBS Bone marrow exam PT PTT UA
Physiologic Primary Secondary Plt HB WBC
LAD
Hematologic Hereditary neutrophilia
Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia
CML
Polycythemia Vera
Hemolytic anemia Marrow stimulation
Immature thrombocytopenia Marrow stimulation
Immunology/

Rheumatology

Condition Etiology Bone marrow infiltration Bone marrow failure Destruction/

sequestration/ redistribution

Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Bleeding BP Splenomegaly Jaundice Other signs Plt HB WBC PBS Bone marrow exam PT PTT UA Gold standard Associated findings
RA
JRA
IBD
Chronic hepatitis
Acute Gout
Metabolic Diabetic coma
Acidosis
Thyroid strom
Seizures
Infections Condition Etiology Bone marrow infiltration Bone marrow failure Destruction/

sequestration/ redistribution

Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Bleeding BP Splenomegaly Jaundice Other signs Plt HB WBC PBS Bone marrow exam PT PTT UA Gold standard Associated findings
Acute
Chronic
Medications Steriod
Lithium
Beta agonists
Cytokines
Other Post splenectomy
Down syndrome
Birth
Pregnancy
Category Condition Etiology Bone marrow infiltration Bone marrow failure Destruction/

sequestration/ redistribution

Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Bleeding BP Splenomegaly Jaundice Other signs Plt HB WBC PBS Bone marrow exam PT PTT UA Gold standard Associated findings


  • Leukocytosis is defined as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 11,000 per mm3 (11.0 × 109 per L).
  • The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia.
    • Neutrophilia can be defined as an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3 [7.0 × 109 per L].
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