Wilms' tumor staging: Difference between revisions
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**** Incomplete resection of tumor | **** Incomplete resection of tumor | ||
**** Tumor spillage | **** Tumor spillage | ||
*** | *** Stage 4 | ||
**** In stage 4 either hematogenous metastasis are present or lymph nodes are affected beyond the abdominopelvic region. | |||
**** Hematogenous metastasis include sites like: | |||
***** Lung | |||
***** Liver | |||
***** Bone | |||
***** Brain | |||
*** Stage 5 | |||
**** | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 21:39, 3 June 2018
Wilms' tumor Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Case Studies |
Wilms' tumor staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Wilms' tumor staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
There are 5 stages of wilms' tumor based on both the results of the imaging studies and the surgical and pathologic findings at nephrectomy.
Staging
- Staging of wilms tumor is done based upon:
- Extent of tumor anatomically.
- It is not done on the basis of its genetics, histology or molecular markers.
- Extensive disease and worse prognosis is denoted by a higher stage.
- Patients suffering from a higher stage tumor get more aggressive treatment modalities.
- The staging systems that are currently used are:[1]
- National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) system.
- International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) system.
NWTS system
- This system is used throughout United States and Canada.
- It is based on the evaluations done during surgery before the administration of surgery.
- According to this system wilms tumor is divided into following stages.
- Stage 1
- Tumor is limited only to the kidney.
- When the tumor is resected the capsule is intact.
- Resected tumor shows no evidence of involvement of renal sinus vessel.
- Stage 2
- Tumor is extended beyond the kidney, but can be resected completely.
- Tumor margins go beyond the renal capsule.
- It extends into the renal capsule, soft tissues and blood vessels beyond the renal parenchyma.
- But all this is within the margins of the resected tumor.
- Stage 3
- Complete tumor cannot be resected.
- The remaining tumor is confined within the abdomen.
- Residual tumor remaining within abdomen includes :
- Regional lymph nodes
- Peritoneal surface
- Incomplete resection of tumor
- Tumor spillage
- Stage 4
- In stage 4 either hematogenous metastasis are present or lymph nodes are affected beyond the abdominopelvic region.
- Hematogenous metastasis include sites like:
- Lung
- Liver
- Bone
- Brain
- Stage 5
- Stage 1