Sandbox: wdx causes: Difference between revisions

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! rowspan="9" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Renal origin
! rowspan="9" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Renal origin
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |HTN
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |HTN
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Posthypercapnic state
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Posthypercapnic state
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypomagnesemia
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypomagnesemia
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypokalemia
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypokalemia
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Bartter's syndrome
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Bartter's syndrome
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Gitelman’s syndrome
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Gitelman’s syndrome
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Renal artery stenosis
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Renal artery stenosis
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Liddle syndrome
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Liddle syndrome
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Renal tumors
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Renal tumors
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! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Endocrine
! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Endocrine
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Cushing's syndrome
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Cushing's syndrome
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hyperaldosteronism
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hyperaldosteronism
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Primary
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Primary
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! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Secondary
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Secondary
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Adrenal enzyme defects
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Adrenal enzyme defects
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |11β−Hydroxylase deficiency
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |11β−Hydroxylase deficiency
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! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |17α−Hydroxylase deficiency
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |17α−Hydroxylase deficiency
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypercalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hypercalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Systemic
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Systemic
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Cystic fibrosis 
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Cystic fibrosis 
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Category
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Category

Revision as of 15:32, 17 May 2018

Metabolic Alkalosis

Differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis is as follow:[1]

Category Disease Mechanism Clinical Paraclinical Gold standard diagnosis Other findings
Symptoms Signs Lab data
ABG Chemistry Enzyme Renal function
Hydrogen loss Accumulation of base Chloride depletion Mineralocorticoid excess Fever Dyspnea Edema Toxic/ill BP Dehydration HCO3 paCO2 O2 Cl K+ Na+ Ca+ Mg+ Renin Bun Cr Urine Cl
Exogenous HCO3 loads Acute alkali administration[2] + + + Nl Clinical
Milk−alkali syndrome[3] + + + + Nl
Transfusion[4] - + - - ± + - + - History of administration of large quantities of blood products that contain sodium citrate
Drugs/Medication Chloruretic diuretics
  • Bumetanide
  • Chlorothiazide
  • Metolazone
+ + +
  • Contraction alkalosis  
Penicillin +
Licorice +
Laxative abuse +
Antacids 
  • Aluminum hydroxide
  • Sodium polystyrene sulfonate  
+
Category Disease Hydrogen loss Accumulation of base Chloride depletion Mineralocorticoid excess Fever Dyspnea Edema Toxic/ill BP Dehydration HCO3 paCO2 O2 Cl K+ Na+ Ca+ Mg+ Renin Bun Cr Urine Cl Gold standard diagnosis Other findings
Gastrointestinal origin Vomiting + + +
Nasogastric tube suction + + +
Zollinger−Ellison syndrome
Bulimia + +
Congenital chloridorrhea + +
Pyloric stenosis +
Villous adenoma + +
Gastrocystoplasty +
Category Disease Hydrogen loss Accumulation of base Chloride depletion Mineralocorticoid excess Fever Dyspnea Edema Toxic/ill BP Dehydration HCO3 paCO2 O2 Cl K+ Na+ Ca+ Mg+ Renin Bun Cr Urine Cl Gold standard diagnosis Other findings
Renal origin HTN
Posthypercapnic state
Hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia
Bartter's syndrome
Gitelman’s syndrome
Renal artery stenosis
Liddle syndrome
Renal tumors
Endocrine Cushing's syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism Primary
Secondary
Adrenal enzyme defects 11β−Hydroxylase deficiency
17α−Hydroxylase deficiency
Hypercalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
Systemic Cystic fibrosis 
Category Disease Hydrogen loss Accumulation of base Chloride depletion Mineralocorticoid excess Fever Dyspnea Edema Toxic/ill BP Dehydration HCO3 paCO2 O2 Cl K+ Na+ Ca+ Mg+ Renin Bun Cr Urine Cl Gold standard diagnosis Other findings
  1. Galla JH (February 2000). "Metabolic alkalosis". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11 (2): 369–75. PMID 10665945.
  2. Máttar, João A.; Weil, Max Harry; Shubin, Herbert; Stein, Leon (1974). "Cardiac arrest in the critically III". The American Journal of Medicine. 56 (2): 162–168. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(74)90593-2. ISSN 0002-9343.
  3. Abreo, Kenneth (1993). "The Milk-Alkali Syndrome". Archives of Internal Medicine. 153 (8): 1005. doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410080065011. ISSN 0003-9926.
  4. Gupta M, Wadhwa NK, Bukovsky R (January 2004). "Regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration using calcium-containing dialysate". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 43 (1): 67–73. PMID 14712429.