Spontaneous coronary artery dissection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
The true prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) remains unknown and is estimated at | The true prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) remains unknown and is estimated at 200 per 100,000 persons (0.2%) in the whole population (men: 0.1%, women: 0.6%). The prevalence of SCAD is approximately 8.7% and 10.8% in women <50 years with [[acute coronary syndrome|acute coronary syndrome (ACS)]] and [[STEMI|ST elevation-ACS]], respectively.<ref name="VanzettoBerger-Coz2009">{{cite journal|last1=Vanzetto|first1=Gerald|last2=Berger-Coz|first2=Estelle|last3=Barone-Rochette|first3=Gilles|last4=Chavanon|first4=Olivier|last5=Bouvaist|first5=Helene|last6=Hacini|first6=Rachid|last7=Blin|first7=Dominique|last8=Machecourt|first8=Jacques|title=Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients|journal=European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery|volume=35|issue=2|year=2009|pages=250–254|issn=10107940|doi=10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023}}</ref> | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
The population-based incidence of SCAD remains unknown. Retrospective angiographic registries have reported SCAD detection in 0.1 to 1.1% of all coronary angiograms performed. | The population-based incidence of SCAD remains unknown. Retrospective angiographic registries have reported SCAD detection in 0.1 to 1.1% of all coronary angiograms performed.<ref name="pmid11509281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Celik SK, Sagcan A, Altintig A, Yuksel M, Akin M, Kultursay H |title=Primary spontaneous coronary artery dissections in atherosclerotic patients. Report of nine cases with review of the pertinent literature |journal=Eur J Cardiothorac Surg |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=573–6 |year=2001 |pmid=11509281 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="AlfonsoPaulo2012">{{cite journal|last1=Alfonso|first1=Fernando|last2=Paulo|first2=Manuel|last3=Lennie|first3=Vera|last4=Dutary|first4=Jaime|last5=Bernardo|first5=Esther|last6=Jiménez-Quevedo|first6=Pilar|last7=Gonzalo|first7=Nieves|last8=Escaned|first8=Javier|last9=Bañuelos|first9=Camino|last10=Pérez-Vizcayno|first10=María J.|last11=Hernández|first11=Rosana|last12=Macaya|first12=Carlos|title=Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection|journal=JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions|volume=5|issue=10|year=2012|pages=1062–1070|issn=19368798|doi=10.1016/j.jcin.2012.06.014}}</ref><ref name="MortensenThuesen2009">{{cite journal|last1=Mortensen|first1=K.H.|last2=Thuesen|first2=L.|last3=Kristensen|first3=I.B.|last4=Christiansen|first4=E.H.|title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A Western Denmark Heart Registry Study|journal=Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions|volume=74|issue=5|year=2009|pages=710–717|issn=15221946|doi=10.1002/ccd.22115}}</ref><ref name="pmid8039214">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pasalodos Pita J, Vazquez Gonzalez N, Perez Alvarez L, Vazquez Rodriguez JM, Castro Beiras A |title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection |journal=Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=27–32 |year=1994 |pmid=8039214 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8172069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jorgensen MB, Aharonian V, Mansukhani P, Mahrer PR |title=Spontaneous coronary dissection: a cluster of cases with this rare finding |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=127 |issue=5 |pages=1382–7 |year=1994 |pmid=8172069 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8673763">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zampieri P, Aggio S, Roncon L, Rinuncini M, Canova C, Zanazzi G, Fiorencis R, Zonzin P |title=Follow up after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a report of five cases |journal=Heart |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=206–9 |year=1996 |pmid=8673763 |pmc=484263 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10025069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hering D, Piper C, Hohmann C, Schultheiss HP, Horstkotte D |title=[Prospective study of the incidence, pathogenesis and therapy of spontaneous, by coronary angiography diagnosed coronary artery dissection] |language=German |journal=Z Kardiol |volume=87 |issue=12 |pages=961–70 |year=1998 |pmid=10025069 |doi= |url=}}</ref> In the United States, there are approximately 800 new cases of SCAD occur every year.<ref name="Tweet-2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = Tweet | first1 = MS. | last2 = Hayes | first2 = SN. | last3 = Pitta | first3 = SR. | last4 = Simari | first4 = RD. | last5 = Lerman | first5 = A. | last6 = Lennon | first6 = RJ. | last7 = Gersh | first7 = BJ. | last8 = Khambatta | first8 = S. | last9 = Best | first9 = PJ. | title = Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. | journal = Circulation | volume = 126 | issue = 5 | pages = 579-88 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105718 | PMID = 22800851 }}</ref><ref name="AdamsParatz2017">{{cite journal|last1=Adams|first1=Heath|last2=Paratz|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Somaratne|first3=Jithendra|last4=Layland|first4=Jamie|last5=Burns|first5=Andrew|last6=Palmer|first6=Sonny|last7=MacIsaac|first7=Andrew|last8=Whitbourn|first8=Robert|title=Different patients, different outcomes: A case-control study of spontaneous coronary artery dissection versus acute coronary syndrome|journal=Journal of Interventional Cardiology|year=2017|issn=08964327|doi=10.1111/joic.12447}}</ref> | ||
===Case Fatality Rate=== | ===Case Fatality Rate=== |
Revision as of 22:19, 1 December 2017
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Microchapters |
Differentiating Spontaneous coronary artery dissection from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Type 1 Type 2A Type 2B Type 3 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.
Synonyms and keywords: SCAD
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The true prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) remains unknown and is estimated at 200 per 100,000 persons (0.2%) in the whole population (men: 0.1%, women: 0.6%). The prevalence of SCAD is approximately 8.7% and 10.8% in women <50 years with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ST elevation-ACS, respectively.[1]
Incidence
The population-based incidence of SCAD remains unknown. Retrospective angiographic registries have reported SCAD detection in 0.1 to 1.1% of all coronary angiograms performed.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In the United States, there are approximately 800 new cases of SCAD occur every year.[9][10]
Case Fatality Rate
In-hospital mortality of SCAD is relatively low with an estimated rate of 0 to 4%.[1]
Age
Gender
SCAD has a strong predilection for young women with no or minimal traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Studies indicate that SCAD accounts for approximately 25% of women aged < 50 who present with myocardial infarction.[11]
Race
The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is the most commonly affected artery.[12][13] Although multivessel SCAD has been reported, single vessel SCAD is much more common. In women LAD is frequently involved[12] while in men right coronary artery is involved more often. Men tend to present at a slightly later age and also with evidence of CAD risk factors.
Observational studies have reported that SCAD is common among young women during their peripartum period[14] or in association with use of oral contraceptives. About 80% of SCAD cases reported so far have occurred in young women, especially those taking oral contraceptives (OCPs) or those in the peripartum period.[15][7][16] Possible mechanisms underlying increased prevalence of SCAD in this population include: changes in the arterial wall media due to increasing hormone levels, shear stress during labor, fragmentation of reticulin fibers, loosening of ground substance, and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.[17]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vanzetto, Gerald; Berger-Coz, Estelle; Barone-Rochette, Gilles; Chavanon, Olivier; Bouvaist, Helene; Hacini, Rachid; Blin, Dominique; Machecourt, Jacques (2009). "Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 35 (2): 250–254. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023. ISSN 1010-7940.
- ↑ Celik SK, Sagcan A, Altintig A, Yuksel M, Akin M, Kultursay H (2001). "Primary spontaneous coronary artery dissections in atherosclerotic patients. Report of nine cases with review of the pertinent literature". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 20 (3): 573–6. PMID 11509281.
- ↑ Alfonso, Fernando; Paulo, Manuel; Lennie, Vera; Dutary, Jaime; Bernardo, Esther; Jiménez-Quevedo, Pilar; Gonzalo, Nieves; Escaned, Javier; Bañuelos, Camino; Pérez-Vizcayno, María J.; Hernández, Rosana; Macaya, Carlos (2012). "Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection". JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 5 (10): 1062–1070. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2012.06.014. ISSN 1936-8798.
- ↑ Mortensen, K.H.; Thuesen, L.; Kristensen, I.B.; Christiansen, E.H. (2009). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A Western Denmark Heart Registry Study". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 74 (5): 710–717. doi:10.1002/ccd.22115. ISSN 1522-1946.
- ↑ Pasalodos Pita J, Vazquez Gonzalez N, Perez Alvarez L, Vazquez Rodriguez JM, Castro Beiras A (1994). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection". Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 32 (1): 27–32. PMID 8039214.
- ↑ Jorgensen MB, Aharonian V, Mansukhani P, Mahrer PR (1994). "Spontaneous coronary dissection: a cluster of cases with this rare finding". Am. Heart J. 127 (5): 1382–7. PMID 8172069.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Zampieri P, Aggio S, Roncon L, Rinuncini M, Canova C, Zanazzi G, Fiorencis R, Zonzin P (1996). "Follow up after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a report of five cases". Heart. 75 (2): 206–9. PMC 484263. PMID 8673763.
- ↑ Hering D, Piper C, Hohmann C, Schultheiss HP, Horstkotte D (1998). "[Prospective study of the incidence, pathogenesis and therapy of spontaneous, by coronary angiography diagnosed coronary artery dissection]". Z Kardiol (in German). 87 (12): 961–70. PMID 10025069.
- ↑ Tweet, MS.; Hayes, SN.; Pitta, SR.; Simari, RD.; Lerman, A.; Lennon, RJ.; Gersh, BJ.; Khambatta, S.; Best, PJ. (2012). "Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection". Circulation. 126 (5): 579–88. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105718. PMID 22800851.
- ↑ Adams, Heath; Paratz, Elizabeth; Somaratne, Jithendra; Layland, Jamie; Burns, Andrew; Palmer, Sonny; MacIsaac, Andrew; Whitbourn, Robert (2017). "Different patients, different outcomes: A case-control study of spontaneous coronary artery dissection versus acute coronary syndrome". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. doi:10.1111/joic.12447. ISSN 0896-4327.
- ↑ Saw J, Aymong E, Mancini GB, Sedlak T, Starovoytov A, Ricci D (2014). "Nonatherosclerotic coronary artery disease in young women". Can J Cardiol. 30 (7): 814–9. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.01.011. PMID 24726091.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Vanzetto G, Berger-Coz E, Barone-Rochette G; et al. (2009). "Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients". European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 35 (2): 250–4. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023. PMID 19046896. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kamran M, Guptan A, Bogal M (2008). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and review". J Invasive Cardiol. 20 (10): 553–9. PMID 18830003. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Fontanelli A, Olivari Z, La Vecchia L; et al. (2009). "Spontaneous dissections of coronary arteries and acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the DISCOVERY, a multicenter prospective registry with a case-control group". Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 10 (1): 94–9. PMID 19708230. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Narasimhan, S (2004). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)" (PDF). IJTCVS. 20 (4): 189–91. doi:10.1007/s12055-004-0084-x.
- ↑ Cohen DE, Strimike CL (2000). "A case of multiple spontaneous coronary artery dissections". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 49 (3): 318–20. PMID 10700066. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Van den Branden BJ, Bruggeling WA, Corbeij HM, Dunselman PH (2008). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period". Neth Heart J. 16 (12): 412–4. PMC 2612109. PMID 19127318. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)