Pancreatic cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The most potent risk factors for Pancreatic cancer include smoking, alcoholism, increased BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and a family history of pancreatic cancer. Individuals with hereditary pancreatitis, familial pancreatic cancer, Peutz-Jeghers disease, familial atypical mole melanoma, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and familial cancer syndromes such as lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
The most potent risk factors for Pancreatic cancer include [[smoking]], [[alcoholism]], increased [[Body mass index|BMI]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[chronic pancreatitis]] and a family history of pancreatic cancer. Individuals with [[hereditary pancreatitis]], familial pancreatic cancer, Peutz-Jeghers disease, familial atypical mole melanoma, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and familial cancer syndromes such as [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|lynch syndrome]], [[familial adenomatous polyposis]] (FAP) and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-[[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] mutations are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
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{|
{|
! rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancer'''
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancer'''
|+  
|+  
| rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |'''Risk factors'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |'''Risk factors'''
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Smoking
*Smoking
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Alcohol
*Alcohol
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Increased BMI
*Increased BMI
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Diabetes mellitus
*Diabetes mellitus
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Chronic pancreatitis
*Chronic pancreatitis
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Family history of pancreatic cancer
*Family history of pancreatic cancer
|-
|-
|+
|+
| rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Familial Cancer Syndromes'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Familial Cancer Syndromes'''
|+
|+
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*BRCA1, BRCA2
*BRCA1, BRCA2
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
*Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
*Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM)
*Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM)
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Lynch syndrome
*Lynch syndrome
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
*von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
*Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Gardner syndrome
*Gardner syndrome
|-
|-
|+
|+
| rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Other medical conditions'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Other medical conditions'''
|+
|+
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Inflammatory bowel disease
*Inflammatory bowel disease
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Periodontal disease
*Periodontal disease
|-
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + |  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " |  
*Peptic ulcer disease
*Peptic ulcer disease
|-
|-
|}
|}


<br/>
<br />
*'''Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer:'''<ref name="pmid25207767">{{cite journal| author=Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N| title=Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 371 | issue= 11 | pages= 1039-49 | pmid=25207767 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1404198 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25207767  }} </ref>
*'''Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer:'''<ref name="pmid25207767">{{cite journal| author=Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N| title=Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 371 | issue= 11 | pages= 1039-49 | pmid=25207767 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1404198 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25207767  }} </ref>


Line 95: Line 95:
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer'''
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer'''
|+  
|+  
| rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + | '''Risk Factor'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + | '''Risk Factor'''
| rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + | '''Approximate Risk'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + | '''Approximate Risk'''
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Smoking
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Smoking
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 2-3 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2-3 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Long-standing Diabetes mellitus
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Long-standing Diabetes mellitus
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 2 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Nonhereditery and Chronic Pancreatitis
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Nonhereditery and Chronic Pancreatitis
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 2-6 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2-6 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Obesity, Inactivity or both
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Obesity, Inactivity or both
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 2 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Non O Blood Group
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Non O Blood Group
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 1-2 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 1-2 %
|+
|+
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Genetic Syndrome and Associated Gene or Genes'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | '''Genetic Syndrome and Associated Gene or Genes'''
|+
|+
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1)  
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1)  
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 50 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 50 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome (p16)
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome (p16)
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 10-20 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 10-20 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2)
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2)
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 1-2 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 1-2 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 [LKB1])
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 [LKB1])
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 30-40 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 30-40 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6)
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6)
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | 4 %
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 4 %
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM)
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM)
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | Unknown
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | Unknown
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + | Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53)
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53)
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + | Unknown
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | Unknown
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:33, 15 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The most potent risk factors for Pancreatic cancer include smoking, alcoholism, increased BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and a family history of pancreatic cancer. Individuals with hereditary pancreatitis, familial pancreatic cancer, Peutz-Jeghers disease, familial atypical mole melanoma, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and familial cancer syndromes such as lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

Risk Factors

  • The most potent risk factors for Pancreatic cancer include smoking, alcoholism, increased BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and a family history of pancreatic cancer.
  • Individuals with the following conditions are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer:[1]
    • Hereditary pancreatitis
    • Familial pancreatic cancer
    • Peutz-Jeghers disease
    • Familial atypical mole melanoma
    • Cystic fibrosis of pancreas,
    • Familial cancer syndromes such as:
      • Lynch syndrome
      • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
      • Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
  • Risk factors for Pancreatic cancer are illustrated in the following tables:
  • Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancers:[2]
Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancer
Risk factors
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Increased BMI
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Family history of pancreatic cancer
Familial Cancer Syndromes
  • BRCA1, BRCA2
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
  • Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
  • Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM)
  • Lynch syndrome
  • von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
  • Gardner syndrome
Other medical conditions
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Periodontal disease
  • Peptic ulcer disease


  • Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer:[3]
Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer
Risk Factor Approximate Risk
Smoking 2-3 %
Long-standing Diabetes mellitus 2 %
Nonhereditery and Chronic Pancreatitis 2-6 %
Obesity, Inactivity or both 2 %
Non O Blood Group 1-2 %
Genetic Syndrome and Associated Gene or Genes
Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1) 50 %
Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome (p16) 10-20 %
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2) 1-2 %
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 [LKB1]) 30-40 %
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) 4 %
Ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) Unknown
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53) Unknown

References

  1. ↑ Goral V (2015). "Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis". Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16 (14): 5619–24. PMID 26320426.
  2. ↑ Bond-Smith G, Banga N, Hammond TM, Imber CJ (2012). "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma". BMJ. 344: e2476. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2476. PMID 22592847.
  3. ↑ Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N (2014). "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma". N Engl J Med. 371 (11): 1039–49. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1404198. PMID 25207767.

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