Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 2 from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus must be differentiated from other disorders that may present with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss or weight gain. Such disorders may include other forms of diabetes mellitus (e.g. type 1 DM, MODY) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus must be differentiated from other disorders that may present with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss or weight gain. Such disorders may include other forms of diabetes mellitus (e.g. type 1 DM, MODY), other endocrine disorders (e.g. hypothyroidism, cushings syndrome, wolfram syndrome, alstrom syndrome) or drug-related disorders. | ||
==Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases== |
Revision as of 16:18, 3 April 2017
Diabetes mellitus type 2 Microchapters |
Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Type 2 diabetes mellitus must be differentiated from other disorders that may present with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss or weight gain. Such disorders may include other forms of diabetes mellitus (e.g. type 1 DM, MODY), other endocrine disorders (e.g. hypothyroidism, cushings syndrome, wolfram syndrome, alstrom syndrome) or drug-related disorders.
Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases
Type 2 DM must be differentiated from other forms of diabetes mellitus as well as other endocrine disorders based on the syptoms and laboratory findings.[1][2][3] The following table shows the appropriate history and symptoms and laboratory findings that may distinguish type 2 DM from other diseases:
Disease | History and symptoms | Laboratory findings | Additional findings | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polyuria | Polydipsia | Polyphagia | Weight loss | Weight gain | Serum glucose | Urinary Glucose | Urine PH | Serum Sodium | Urinary Glucose | 24 hrs cortisol level | C-peptide level | Serum glucagon | ||
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | + | + | + | + | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N/↑ | Normal | ↓ | Normal | Auto antibodies present (Anti GAD-65 and anti insulin anti bodies) |
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | + | + | + | + | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Acanthosis nigricans |
MODY | + | + | + | - | + | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N | - |
Psychogenic polydipsia | + | + | - | - | - | Normal | Normal | Normal | ↓ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | - |
Diabetes insipidus | + | + | - | - | - | Normal | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | - |
Transient hyperglycemia | - | - | - | - | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N/↑ | In hospitalized patients especially in ICU and CCU |
Steroid therapy | + | - | - | - | + | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | ↑ | N/↑ | N/↑ | Acanthosis nigricans, |
RTA 1 | - | - | - | + | - | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis |
Glucagonoma | - | - | - | - | - | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | - | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Necrolytic migratory erythema |
Cushing syndrome | - | - | - | - | + | ↑ | - | Normal | ↓ | N/↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Moon face, obesity, buffalo hump, easy bruisibility |
References
- ↑ Barrett TG (2007). "Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered?". Pediatr Diabetes. 8 Suppl 6: 15–23. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x. PMID 17727381.
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ "namrata".