Typhoid fever causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
[[Image:1024px-SalmonellaNIAID.jpg|thumb|Salmonella Typhi|200px|right|Samonella Typhi]] | |||
{{Typhoid fever}} | {{Typhoid fever}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AA}} | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
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*Typhoid fever is caused by ''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' serotype Typhi ([[Salmonella Typhi]])<ref name="pmid24901439">{{cite journal| author=Arndt MB, Mosites EM, Tian M, Forouzanfar MH, Mokhdad AH, Meller M et al.| title=Estimating the burden of paratyphoid a in Asia and Africa. | journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= e2925 | pmid=24901439 | doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002925 | pmc=4046978 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24901439 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16586383">{{cite journal| author=Maskey AP, Day JN, Phung QT, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Zimmerman M et al.| title=Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. enterica serovar Typhi cause indistinguishable clinical syndromes in Kathmandu, Nepal. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 42 | issue= 9 | pages= 1247-53 | pmid=16586383 | doi=10.1086/503033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16586383 }} </ref> | *Typhoid fever is caused by ''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' serotype Typhi ([[Salmonella Typhi]])<ref name="pmid24901439">{{cite journal| author=Arndt MB, Mosites EM, Tian M, Forouzanfar MH, Mokhdad AH, Meller M et al.| title=Estimating the burden of paratyphoid a in Asia and Africa. | journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= e2925 | pmid=24901439 | doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002925 | pmc=4046978 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24901439 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16586383">{{cite journal| author=Maskey AP, Day JN, Phung QT, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Zimmerman M et al.| title=Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. enterica serovar Typhi cause indistinguishable clinical syndromes in Kathmandu, Nepal. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 42 | issue= 9 | pages= 1247-53 | pmid=16586383 | doi=10.1086/503033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16586383 }} </ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid7499779">{{cite journal| author=Oboegbulam SI, Oguike JU, Gugnani HC| title=Microbiological studies on cases diagnosed as typhoid/enteric fever in south-east Nigeria. | journal=J Commun Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 27 | issue= 2 | pages= 97-100 | pmid=7499779 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7499779 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15837356">{{cite journal| author=Vollaard AM, Ali S, Widjaja S, Asten HA, Visser LG, Surjadi C et al.| title=Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia. | journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg | year= 2005 | volume= 99 | issue= 6 | pages= 440-50 | pmid=15837356 | doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.09.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15837356 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25458731">{{cite journal| author=Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL| title=Typhoid fever. | journal=Lancet | year= 2015 | volume= 385 | issue= 9973 | pages= 1136-45 | pmid=25458731 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25458731 }} </ref><ref>http://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/health-professional.html</ref> | <ref name="pmid7499779">{{cite journal| author=Oboegbulam SI, Oguike JU, Gugnani HC| title=Microbiological studies on cases diagnosed as typhoid/enteric fever in south-east Nigeria. | journal=J Commun Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 27 | issue= 2 | pages= 97-100 | pmid=7499779 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7499779 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15837356">{{cite journal| author=Vollaard AM, Ali S, Widjaja S, Asten HA, Visser LG, Surjadi C et al.| title=Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia. | journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg | year= 2005 | volume= 99 | issue= 6 | pages= 440-50 | pmid=15837356 | doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.09.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15837356 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25458731">{{cite journal| author=Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL| title=Typhoid fever. | journal=Lancet | year= 2015 | volume= 385 | issue= 9973 | pages= 1136-45 | pmid=25458731 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25458731 }} </ref><ref>http://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/health-professional.html</ref> | ||
*'''Serovars''' | *'''Serovars''' | ||
Other Salmonellae which may cause similar symptoms include | Other Salmonellae which may cause similar symptoms include | ||
Revision as of 15:04, 25 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Causes
- Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Salmonella Typhi)[1][2]
- Serovars
Other Salmonellae which may cause similar symptoms include
- Salmonella Paratyphi A
- Salmonella Paratyphi B
- Salmonella Paratyphi C
- Salmonella choleraesuis
- Features of Salmonella Typhi[7]
- Gram negative bacillus
- Flagellated
- Facultatively anaerobic
- Three antigens O,H and Vi
- Belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family
- Chemotroph
References
- ↑ Arndt MB, Mosites EM, Tian M, Forouzanfar MH, Mokhdad AH, Meller M; et al. (2014). "Estimating the burden of paratyphoid a in Asia and Africa". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8 (6): e2925. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002925. PMC 4046978. PMID 24901439.
- ↑ Maskey AP, Day JN, Phung QT, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Zimmerman M; et al. (2006). "Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. enterica serovar Typhi cause indistinguishable clinical syndromes in Kathmandu, Nepal". Clin Infect Dis. 42 (9): 1247–53. doi:10.1086/503033. PMID 16586383.
- ↑ Oboegbulam SI, Oguike JU, Gugnani HC (1995). "Microbiological studies on cases diagnosed as typhoid/enteric fever in south-east Nigeria". J Commun Dis. 27 (2): 97–100. PMID 7499779.
- ↑ Vollaard AM, Ali S, Widjaja S, Asten HA, Visser LG, Surjadi C; et al. (2005). "Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 99 (6): 440–50. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.09.012. PMID 15837356.
- ↑ Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL (2015). "Typhoid fever". Lancet. 385 (9973): 1136–45. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7. PMID 25458731.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/health-professional.html
- ↑ Fàbrega, Anna, and Jordi Vila. "Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: virulence and regulation." Clinical microbiology reviews 26.2 (2013): 308-341.