Conjunctivitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Adenovirus is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis. It has [[Acute]] or [[subacute]] [[onset]], and often occurs in community epidemics. Both eyes may be affected simultaneously, or the second eye may become involved a few days after the first eye. | ''[[Adenovirus]]'' is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis. It has [[Acute]] or [[subacute]] [[onset]], and often occurs in community epidemics. Both eyes may be affected simultaneously, or the second eye may become involved a few days after the first eye. | ||
[[Symptoms]] of [[viral]] conjunctivitis may include the following: | [[Symptoms]] of [[viral]] conjunctivitis may include the following: | ||
====Pharyngoconjunctival Fever==== | ====Pharyngoconjunctival Fever==== | ||
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====Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis==== | ====Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis==== | ||
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and contagious viral infection.The infection resolves within 5-7 days, during which the symptoms of pain and irritation are present. [[Symptoms]] of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*[[Chemosis]] | *[[Chemosis]] | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
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*Preauricular [[lymphadenopathy]] | *Preauricular [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Symptoms of neonatal | Symptoms of various types of neonatal conjunctivitis or [[ophthalmia neonatorum]] may include the following:<ref name="pmid25606121">{{cite journal| author=Mallika P, Asok T, Faisal H, Aziz S, Tan A, Intan G| title=Neonatal conjunctivitis - a review. | journal=Malays Fam Physician | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 77-81 | pmid=25606121 | doi= | pmc=4170304 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25606121 }} </ref> | ||
====''Gonococcal'' Conjunctivitis==== | ====''Gonococcal'' Conjunctivitis==== | ||
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is more severe than chlamydial conjunctivitis. The incubation period is 2-5 days. It is usually bilateral. Symptoms of ''gonococcal'' conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*Severe [[bilateral]] [[purulent]] conjunctivitis | *Severe [[bilateral]] [[purulent]] conjunctivitis | ||
*Tearing, | *Tearing, | ||
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====''Chlamydial'' Conjunctivitis==== | ====''Chlamydial'' Conjunctivitis==== | ||
It has a later onset than gonococcal conjunctivitis. The incubation period is 5-14 days and the colonization of the eye after birth does not always result in infection. Symptoms of ''chlamydial'' conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*Mild [[hyperemia]], | *Mild [[hyperemia]], | ||
*Watery or mild mucoid discharge | *Watery or mild mucoid discharge | ||
*[[Chemosis]] | *[[Chemosis]] | ||
====Chemical conjunctivitis==== | |||
[[Chemical]] conjunctivitis usually occurs within 24 hours of instillation of silver nitrate solution and resolves spontaneously within a few days. Symptoms of 'chemical conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*Eyelids swelling | |||
*Redness | |||
===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
A detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include exposure history, recent infection, contact lens use, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), history of autoimmune diseases, and any specific environmental or work-related exposure. The symptoms of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the inflammation. Redness, excessive tearing, and irritation are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Photophobia, itching, mucopurulent or non-purulent discharge, chemosis, burning eyes, blurred vision and eyelid swelling are variable.
History
Complete history will help determine the correct therapy. A detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. The history of a patient with conjunctivitis should include a thorough ocular, medical and medication history. The history establish whether the condition is acute, subacute, chronic or recurrent, and whether it is associated with any specific environmental or work-related exposure.
Viral Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- Exposure history
- Recent upper respiratory infection (URI)
- Swimming in contaminated pools
- Contact lens use
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- History of sexually transmitted disease (STD)
- Exposure history (contaminated fingers, oculogenital spread, and contaminated fomites)
- Contact lens use
- Chronic use of topical medications
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- History of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in mother
- Ocular prophylaxis with silver nitrate
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- Family history of atopic disease such as:
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- History of connective tissue disease
- History of sjögren syndrome
- History of rheumatoid arthritis
- History of thyroid abnormalities
- Contact lens use
- History of neurologic conditions (stroke, Bell's palsy, Parkinson's, trigeminal nerve problem)
- Prior eye surgery
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- Prolonged condition with gradual clearing
- Often have seen numerous eye specialists
Symptoms
The symptoms of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the inflammation. Redness, excessive tearing, and irritation are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Photophobia, itching, mucopurulent or non-purulent discharge, chemosis, burning eyes, blurred vision and eyelid swelling are variable.
Viral Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis. It has Acute or subacute onset, and often occurs in community epidemics. Both eyes may be affected simultaneously, or the second eye may become involved a few days after the first eye. Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis may include the following:
Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
- High fever
- Pharyngitis
- Bilateral conjunctivitis
- Periauricular lymphadenopathy
- Itchy eyes
- Tearing
- Minimal pain level
- Light sensitivity (with corneal involvement)
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
- Watery discharge
- Hyperemia
- Chemosis
- Ipsilateral lymphadenopathy
- Itchy eyes
- Tearing
- Minimal pain level
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and contagious viral infection.The infection resolves within 5-7 days, during which the symptoms of pain and irritation are present. Symptoms of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Chemosis
- Tearing
- Redness
- Severe pain level
- Purulent discharge
- Subconjunctival hemorrhaging
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis has Hyperacute, acute, and chronic onset. Symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following:
Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis is a severe, sight-threatening ocular infection that warrants immediate ophthalmic work-up and management. The infection has an abrupt onset and rapid progression. Symptoms of Hyperacute Bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Chemosis
- Tearing
- Redness
- Eye pain
- Decreased vision
- Severe purulent discharge (yellow-green)
- Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Symptoms of various types of neonatal conjunctivitis or ophthalmia neonatorum may include the following:[1]
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is more severe than chlamydial conjunctivitis. The incubation period is 2-5 days. It is usually bilateral. Symptoms of gonococcal conjunctivitis may include the following:
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
It has a later onset than gonococcal conjunctivitis. The incubation period is 5-14 days and the colonization of the eye after birth does not always result in infection. Symptoms of chlamydial conjunctivitis may include the following:
Chemical conjunctivitis
Chemical conjunctivitis usually occurs within 24 hours of instillation of silver nitrate solution and resolves spontaneously within a few days. Symptoms of 'chemical conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Eyelids swelling
- Redness
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Itchy eyes (most impotant)
- Tearing
- Bilateral redness
- Watery discharge
- Photophobia (with corneal involvement)
- Foreign body sensation
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) may include the following:
- Foreign-body sensation
- Grittiness
- Hyperemia
- Mucoid discharge
- Excessive tearing (secondary to reflex secretion)
- Photophobia
- Itchy eye
- Fluctuating] blurry vision
- Malaise
- Weight loss
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
Symptoms of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis may include the following:
- Foreign body sensation
- Photophobia
- Excessive blinking
- Burning sensation
- Itchy eye
- Dry eye sensation