Paracoccidioidomycosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==Associated Conditions==
==Associated Conditions==
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a opportunistic disease in Latin America. Associated conditions are:
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a opportunistic disease in Latin America. Associated conditions are:
*HIV/AIDS: Endemic areas of ''Paracoccidioides spp''. in Brazil have the majority of HIV/AIDS patients.<ref name=?>Brummer E, Castaneda E, Restrepo A. Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Update. 'Clin. Microbiol. Rev''.1993;Vol 6(2):89-117</ref>  Nevertheless, the incidence of HIV/AIDS and paracoccidioidomycosis is minimum, this may be because the prophylaxis (trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole) used for ''Pneumocystis jiroveci'' is the one of the possible treatments for paracoccidioidomycosis3. <ref name=?>Amoroso A. A Man With Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS With Unusual Severe Opportunistic Infection and No AIDS-Defining Disease. ''CID''. 2014;58:1484-1485</ref>
*HIV/AIDS: Endemic areas of ''Paracoccidioides spp''. in Brazil have the majority of HIV/AIDS patients.<ref name=?>Brummer E, Castaneda E, Restrepo A. Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Update. 'Clin. Microbiol. Rev''.1993;Vol 6(2):89-117</ref>  Nevertheless, the incidence of HIV/AIDS and paracoccidioidomycosis is minimum, this may be because the prophylaxis (trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole) used for ''Pneumocystis jiroveci'' is the one of the possible treatments for paracoccidioidomycosis. <ref name=?>Amoroso A. A Man With Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS With Unusual Severe Opportunistic Infection and No AIDS-Defining Disease. ''CID''. 2014;58:1484-1485</ref>
*Cancer - chemotherapy
*Cancer - chemotherapy
*Transplants
*Transplants

Revision as of 16:47, 14 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

Pathogenesis

  • Spores of Paracoccidioides spp. are transmitted via the respiratory route to the human host.
  • Following transmission, Paracoccidiodes spp. conidia and mycelial particles invade the terminal brochioles and alveoli and convert into yeast cell [1]
  • "The infection can spread to other tissues via lymphatic and hematic" routes. [1]
  • "The fungi developed mechanisms (such as adhesion to host cells), to avoid entrapment within mucus and their elimination by mucigen cilliary cells" [2]
  • "Their effective adherence contributes to higher speed invasion of host cells, allowing for evasion of the immune system" [2]

Associated Conditions

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a opportunistic disease in Latin America. Associated conditions are:

  • HIV/AIDS: Endemic areas of Paracoccidioides spp. in Brazil have the majority of HIV/AIDS patients.[3] Nevertheless, the incidence of HIV/AIDS and paracoccidioidomycosis is minimum, this may be because the prophylaxis (trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole) used for Pneumocystis jiroveci is the one of the possible treatments for paracoccidioidomycosis. [3]
  • Cancer - chemotherapy
  • Transplants


Gross Pathology

Microscopic Pathology

In biopsies, the fungus appears as a polygemulating yeast with a pilot's wheel-like appearance. [4]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA (2011). "Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis". An Bras Dermatol. 86 (3): 516–24. PMID 21738969.
  2. 2.0 2.1 de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F; et al. (2015). "Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis". Front Microbiol. 6: 1319. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. PMC 4658449. PMID 26635779.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Brummer E, Castaneda E, Restrepo A. Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Update. 'Clin. Microbiol. Rev.1993;Vol 6(2):89-117
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015