Hepatitis D prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hepatitis D}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} {{JM}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Protection against hepatitis D among drug users can be accomplished by vaccinating against hepatitis B. Since HDV infection requires that the person be co-infected with HBV, vaccinating against hepatitis B also confers immunity to hepatitis D. Some 3 to 4 percent of healthy recipients have no response to the [[hepatitis B vaccine]]. | Protection against hepatitis D among drug users can be accomplished by vaccinating against hepatitis B. Since HDV infection requires that the person be co-infected with HBV, vaccinating against hepatitis B also confers immunity to hepatitis D. Some 3 to 4 percent of healthy recipients have no response to the [[hepatitis B vaccine]]. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Hepatitis B must be present, either in coinfection or superinfection, in order for hepatitis D to propagate. The best way of preventing | Hepatitis B must be present, either in coinfection or superinfection, in order for hepatitis D to propagate. The best way of preventing hepatitis D infection is with vaccination against hepatitis B. | ||
Since a vaccine against hepatitis D is not available for patients who already have hepatitis B, the best course of action to prevent superinfection is to avoid risk behaviors, such as: | Since a vaccine against hepatitis D is not available for patients who already have hepatitis B, the best course of action to prevent superinfection is to avoid risk behaviors, such as: | ||
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[[Hepatitis B vaccination]] | |||
* HBV-HDV coinfection | * HBV-HDV coinfection | ||
:* pre or post-exposure prophylaxis (hepatitis B immune globulin or vaccine) to prevent HBV infection | :* pre or post-exposure prophylaxis (hepatitis B immune globulin or vaccine) to prevent HBV infection | ||
Revision as of 18:09, 11 August 2014
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Hepatitis D |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Hepatitis D prevention On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatitis D prevention |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis D prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [3]
Overview
Protection against hepatitis D among drug users can be accomplished by vaccinating against hepatitis B. Since HDV infection requires that the person be co-infected with HBV, vaccinating against hepatitis B also confers immunity to hepatitis D. Some 3 to 4 percent of healthy recipients have no response to the hepatitis B vaccine.
Prevention
Hepatitis B must be present, either in coinfection or superinfection, in order for hepatitis D to propagate. The best way of preventing hepatitis D infection is with vaccination against hepatitis B.
Since a vaccine against hepatitis D is not available for patients who already have hepatitis B, the best course of action to prevent superinfection is to avoid risk behaviors, such as:
- Sex with an infected partner
- Contact with the blood of an infected person
- Sharing of needles, syringes, razors, or toothbrushes with an infected person
Hepatitis B vaccination
- HBV-HDV coinfection
- pre or post-exposure prophylaxis (hepatitis B immune globulin or vaccine) to prevent HBV infection
- HBV-HDV superinfection
- education to reduce risk behaviors among persons with chronic HBV infection [1]
Special care should be taken in clinical settings to avoid accidental sticks with needles, syringes, and other sharp instruments and to follow proper sterilization or disposal procedures. Universal precautions apply for drawing blood or other medically related procedures.
Children:
A child with known hepatitis D should be excluded if he or she exhibits any of the following:[2]
- Weeping sores that cannot be covered
- Biting or scratching behavior
- A bleeding problem
- Generalized dermatitis that may produce wounds or weepy tissue fluids
- Unable to participate in routine activities, needs more care than can be provided by staff, or meets other
exclusion criteria, such as fever with behavioral change
The child can be readmitted to a group setting when skin sores are dry or covered, when the child is cleared to return by a health professional, or when the child is able to participate in activities.
HIV Infected Patients:
HIV-infected persons may not develop protective immunity after receiving hepatitis B vaccine. They therefore remain at risk for infection with HBV and HDV.[3]
Pregnant Patients:
Pregnant women should be screened for hepatitis B infection. If the woman is at risk for HBV infection, she should be vaccinated. The current recommendations of the American College of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are that all infants be immunized against hepatitis B.[4]
References
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/d/fact.htm
- ↑ http://www.ndhealth.gov/disease/documents/faqs/hepatitis%20d.pdf
- ↑ Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening for Infectious Diseases Among Substance Abusers. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 1993. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 6.) Chapter 15 - Viral Hepatitis D.
- ↑ Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening for Infectious Diseases Among Substance Abusers. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 1993. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 6.) Chapter 15 - Viral Hepatitis D.