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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Digoxin#Clinical Studies]] |
| {{Digoxin}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AK}}
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| '''''For patient information, click <u>[[Digoxin (patient information)|here]]'''''</u>.
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| == Clinical Studies==
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| === Chronic Heart Failure===
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| Two 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies enrolled 178 (RADIANCE trial) and 88 (PROVED trial) adult patients with NYHA Class II or III [[heart failure]] previously treated with oral digoxin, a diuretic, and an [[ACE inhibitor]] (RADIANCE only) and randomized them to placebo or treatment with digoxin tablets. Both trials demonstrated better preservation of exercise capacity in patients randomized to digoxin. Continued treatment with digoxin reduced the risk of developing worsening heart failure, as evidenced by heart failure-related hospitalizations and emergency care and the need for concomitant heart failure therapy.
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| ====DIG Trial of Digoxin in Patients with Heart Failure====
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| The [[Digitalis ]]Investigation Group (DIG) main trial was a 37-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind mortality study comparing digoxin to placebo in 6800 adult patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.45. At randomization, 67% were NYHA class I or II, 71% had heart failure of ischemic etiology, 44% had been receiving digoxin, and most were receiving a concomitant[[ ACE inhibitor]] (94%) and [[diuretics ]](82%). As in the smaller trials described above, patients who had been receiving open-label digoxin were withdrawn from this treatment before randomization. Randomization to digoxin was again associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of hospitalization, whether scored as number of hospitalizations for heart failure (relative risk 75%), risk of having at least one such hospitalization during the trial (RR 72%), or number of hospitalizations for any cause (RR 94%). On the other hand, randomization to digoxin had no apparent effect on mortality (RR 99%, with confidence limits of 91 to 107%).
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| === Chronic Atrial Fibrillation===
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| Digoxin has also been studied as a means of controlling the ventricular response to chronic[[ atrial fibrillation]] in adults. Digoxin reduced the resting heart rate, but not the heart rate during exercise.
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| In 3 different randomized, double-blind trials that included a total of 315 adult patients, digoxin was compared to placebo for the conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Conversion was equally likely, and equally rapid, in the digoxin and placebo groups. In a randomized 120-patient trial comparing digoxin, sotalol, and [[amiodarone]], patients randomized to digoxin had the lowest incidence of conversion to sinus rhythm, and the least satisfactory rate control when conversion did not occur.
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| In at least one study, digoxin was studied as a means of delaying reversion to atrial fibrillation in adult patients with frequent recurrence of this arrhythmia. This was a randomized, double-blind, 43-patient crossover study. Digoxin increased the mean time between symptomatic recurrent episodes by 54%, but had no effect on the frequency of fibrillatory episodes seen during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=58f45aba-ff6f-43cc-bb88-be40a9f7beda
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| [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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