Knee pain/swelling: Difference between revisions
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=== Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling=== | === Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling=== | ||
* | {{MultiCol}} | ||
* [[ | *[[Acute gouty arthritis]] | ||
* [[Anterior cruciate ligament]] | *[[Acute leukemia]] | ||
* [[Baker's cyst]] | *[[Adult Still's Disease]] | ||
* Bone, ligament or cartilage damage | *[[Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis]] | ||
* [[Bursitis]] | *[[Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury]] | ||
* [[Chondromalacia patellae]] | *[[Arthritis]] | ||
* | *[[Arthroscopic lavage]] | ||
* Discoid [[ | *[[Baker's cyst]] | ||
* [[Gonococcemia]] | *[[Bleeding disorders]] | ||
* Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee | *[[Bone, ligament or cartilage damage]] | ||
* [[Iliotibial Band Syndrome]] | *[[Brodie knee]] | ||
* Joint effusion | *[[Bursitis]] | ||
* Joint infection | *[[Chondromalacia patellae]] | ||
* [[Lateral collateral ligament]] | *[[Chronic gouty arthritis]] | ||
* [[Malignancy]] | *[[Clutton's joints]] | ||
* [[Medial collateral ligament]] | *[[Common variable immunodeficiency]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Congenital syphilis]] | ||
* [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]] | *[[Crohn's disease]] | ||
* [[Osteoarthritis]] | *[[Discoid meniscus]] | ||
* [[Osteochondritis Dissecans | *[[Dislocated knee]] | ||
* [[Osteomyelitis]] | *[[Dislocated patella]] | ||
* [[Osteosarcoma]] | *[[Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2]] | ||
* [[Patellofemoral syndrome]] | *[[Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3]] | ||
* | *[[Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5]] | ||
* [[Posterior cruciate ligament]] | *[[Erythema nodosum]] | ||
* [[Pseudogout]] | *[[Fairbanks disease]] | ||
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]] | *[[Fallen arches]] | ||
* [[Reiter's Syndrome]] | *[[Femoral condyle fracture]] | ||
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]] | *[[Fractured patella]] | ||
* [[Scleroderma]] | *[[Fractured tibial plateau]] | ||
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] | *[[Gait problems]] | ||
*[[Gonococcal pyarthrosis]] | |||
*[[Gonococcemia]] | |||
*[[Gram's syndrome]] | |||
*[[Handigodu Syndrome]] | |||
*[[Hemarthrosis]] | |||
*[[Hemoglobinopathies]] | |||
*[[Hemophilia]] | |||
*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]] | |||
*[[Hip dislocation]] | |||
*[[Hip injury]] | |||
*[[Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee]] | |||
*[[Hip Replacement]] | |||
*[[Hoffa's disease]] | |||
*[[Housemaid's knee]] | |||
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis]] | |||
*[[Hypophosphatemic rickets]] | |||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Iliotibial band friction syndrome]] | |||
*[[Iliotibial Band Syndrome]] | |||
*[[Inflammatory arthritis]] | |||
*[[Intermittent hydrarthrosis]] | |||
*[[Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome]] | |||
*[[Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome]] | |||
*[[Joint effusion]] | |||
*[[Joint infection]] | |||
*[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]] | |||
*[[Juvenile idiopathic arthritis]] | |||
*[[Juvenile Paget's Disease]] | |||
*[[Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis]] | |||
*[[Knee arthritis]] | |||
*[[Knee bacterial infection]] | |||
*[[Knee cyst]] | |||
*[[Knee fracture]] | |||
*[[Knee infection]] | |||
*[[Knee inflammation]] | |||
*[[Knee overuse]] | |||
*[[Knee sprain]] | |||
*[[Knee strain]] | |||
*[[Knee tendinitis]] | |||
*[[Knee tumor]] | |||
*[[Knock knees]] | |||
*[[Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury]] | |||
*[[Leukemia]] | |||
*[[Lipoarthritis]] | |||
*[[Lipoma arborescens]] | |||
*[[Lyme disease]] | |||
*[[Malignancy]] | |||
*[[Malignant bone tumor]] | |||
*[[Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury]] | |||
*[[Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy]] | |||
*[[Meniscal cyst]] | |||
*[[Meniscus tear]] | |||
*[[Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint]] | |||
*[[Orthopedic cast]] | |||
*[[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]] | |||
*[[Osteoarthritis]] | |||
*[[Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)]] | |||
*[[Osteochondroma]] | |||
*[[Osteochondrosis]] | |||
*[[Osteomyelitis]] | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Paget's disease of bone]] | |||
*[[Paget's disease, type 1]] | |||
*[[Paget's disease, type 4]] | |||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Patellar tendinitis]] | |||
*[[Patellofemoral syndrome]] | |||
*[[Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome]] | |||
*[[Pes anserine bursitis]] | |||
*[[Pigmented villonodular synovitis]] | |||
*[[Plica Syndrome]] | |||
*[[Popliteal cyst]] | |||
*[[Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury]] | |||
*[[Prepatellar bursitis]] | |||
*[[Pseudogout]] | |||
*[[Psoriatic arthritis]] | |||
*[[Pyarthrosis]] | |||
*[[Pyogenic infection]] | |||
*[[Pyrophosphate arthropathy]] | |||
*[[Reactive arthritis]] | |||
*[[Reiter's Syndrome]] | |||
*[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]] | |||
*[[Rickets]] | |||
*[[Sarcoidosis]] | |||
*[[Sciatica]] | |||
*[[Scleroderma]] | |||
*[[Scurvy]] | |||
*[[Septic arthritis]] | |||
*[[Seronegative spondyloarthropathy]] | |||
*[[Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease]] | |||
*[[Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome]] | |||
*[[Spinal cord injury]] | |||
*[[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda]] | |||
*[[Strength training]] | |||
*[[Supracondylar femur fracture]] | |||
*[[Synovial chondromatosis]] | |||
*[[Synovial osteochondromatosis]] | |||
*[[Synovial plica syndrome]] | |||
*[[Synovioma]] | |||
*[[Synovitis]] | |||
*[[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ]] | |||
*[[Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis]] | |||
*[[TAR syndrome]] | |||
*[[Tendinitis]] | |||
*[[Torn ligament]] | |||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
*[[Trochlear dysplasia]] | |||
*[[Viral infection]] | |||
*[[Weak ankles]] | |||
*[[Weight training]] | |||
*[[Yersiniosis]] | |||
{{EndMultiCol}} | |||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == |
Revision as of 20:08, 16 August 2012
Knee pain/swelling | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
The most common reasons of knee pain can include;
Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling
Common causes
Acute knee pain
- Ligament injuries
- Tendon injuries (tendinitis)
- Meniscus injuries
- Loose body
- Dislocated kneecap
- Osgood-Schlatter disease
- Iliotibial band syndrome
- Hyperextended knee
- Septic arthritis
Chronic knee pain
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Gout
- Chondromalacia of the patella, or patellofemoral pain
Causes by Organ System
Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
- Gait abnormalities
- Swelling
- Erythema
- Deformity
- Muscle atrophy
Physical Examination
- Range of motion
- Palpate area of concern
- "Milk the joint"
- McMurray circumduction test
- Ligament testing
Laboratory Findings
- Complete blood count
- C-reactive protein
- Uric acid
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
X-Ray
- Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
- Tunnel views of knee
- Merchant and sunrise of the patella
MRI and CT
- MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Bone scan
- Joint aspiration
Treatment
- Conservative therapy is best
- Lifestyle changes
- Physical therapy
- Exercise
Pharmacotherapy
Acute Pharmacotherapies
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Joint medications
- Antibiotics
Surgery and Device Based Therapy
- Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
- Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
- Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
- Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails